April 10th, 2009
South Africa | Mississippi
Interview with Mrs. Cwayita and Mr. Mandla Zituta
Transcript access controlled.
General Topic of Interview: Life and Education under and after Apartheid
Dates: 19 August, 2008
Location: the Zituta Family Residence, King William’s Town, South Africa
Narrator: Mrs. Cwayita Zituta and Mr. Mandla Zituta
Interviewer: Flosha Tejada
Transcriber: Unknown
Biographical Information:
Mrs. Cwayita Zituta was born to teachers in a township near Berlin. She is now a Chief Operating Officer in charge of college education and training colleges at the Department of Education.
Mr. Mandla Zituta was born on March 21, 1960, the same day as the Sharpeville Massacres. He is originally from Bizana Township. When growing up, Mr. Zituta would take care of cattle while his father worked at the docks in Durban. He attended Fort Hare University, where he and many other students were once arrested for not recognizing the then-president of the Ciskei Homeland.
Interview Information:
The Zitutas discuss the impression black inferiority that they perceive modern South African whites to have. Mrs. Zituta notes that black women are able to do more now than merely bear and raise children. Both talk about the local nature of the Black Consciousness Movement as well as its importance to black self esteem. Mrs. Zituta remembers several occasions when she experienced others’ deaths by necklacing (putting a tire filled with fuel around someones neck and lighting it). Both detail issues in the modern education system as compared with the Bantu Education system. The couple recalls several freedom songs and discusses the roles they played in motivating the anti-apartheid movement. Mr. Zituta notes the move away from apartheid-era sex and gender roles (for example, modern same-sex relationships) now allowed by South African federal law. Both discuss their desire to see street names and so forth changed to recognize neglected heroes and people.
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April 10th, 2009
South Africa | Mississippi
Interview with Ms. N. Zantsi
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General Topic of Interview: Zanempilo Clinic
Dates: 12 August, 2008
Location: Zanempilo Clinic, Zinyoka Location, King William’s Town, South Africa
Narrator: Ms. N. Zantsi
Interviewer: Vuyokazi Duna
Transcriber: Unknown
Translator: Unknown
Biographical Information:
Ms. N. Zantsi was a young teenager when the Zanempilo Health Clinic was built. Her mother worked on different projects with Steve Biko; both were from the same clan: Mgcina. Ms. Zantsi knew him as a generous and caring person. She now works at a creche in Zinyoka Location.
Interview Information:
Ms. Zantsi details the founding of the Zanempilo Health Clinic and the functions it had apart from a health center. Students could get meals there, and Zinyoka communty members would work on different proejcts there, such as making mats. As a caretaker in a creche, Ms. Zantsi notes that the government can afford to pay the creche only enough to supply the children under their charge with a single meal per day.
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April 10th, 2009
South Africa | Mississippi
Interview with Mr. Nkosinethi Kenneth Zandzi
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General Topic of Interview: Zanempilo Health Clinic and Steve Biko
Dates: 12 August, 2008
Location: Zinyoka Location, King William’s Town, South Africa
Narrator: Mr. Nkosinethi Kenneth Zandzi
Interviewer: Vuyokazi Duna
Transcriber: Unknown
Biographical Information:
Mr. Nkosinethi Kenneth Zandzi was born in 1955. He lives in the Zinyoka Location where he is involved with the Anglican Church. His involvement with the church brought him into contact with the Zanempilo Health Clinic.
Interview Information:
Mr. Zandzi details the founding of the Zanempilo Health Clinic. The clinic was made possible by an agreement between Steve Biko and the Anglican church. Because Zanempilo was funded by and under the control of the church, the apartheid government was unable to exert as much influence over it as they wanted. They ruptured the church’s control when they murdered Steve Biko, effectively ending the agreement and forcing the church from the premises. At the founding of the clinic, certain local leaders in Zinyoka did not like the idea of the clinic because of the politics it involved. Other community members did not want Zanempilo to have access to their limited water supply. In addition to the health clinic, Mr. Zandzi discusses certain aspects of the pass laws, the plight of modern South African youth, and his involvement in the Anglican church.
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April 10th, 2009
South Africa | Mississippi
Interview with Mr. Moses Twebe
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General Topic of Interview:Resistance to Apartheid
Dates: 13 August, 2008
Location: Dimbaza Location, King William’s Town, South Africa
Narrator: Mr. Moses Twebe
Interviewer: Phumza Williams
Transcriber: Phumza Williams
Translator: Phumza Williams
Biographical Information:
Mr. Moses Twebe was born in 1922 in Addelaide where he was raised by his grandfather. He was never able to go to school, instead working in the fields of farms in Addelaide. He worked in Johannesburg 1942-45. Mr. Twebe was arrested many times for his anti-apartheid activities, was once banned, and also spent a five-year term in Robben Island Prison beginning in 1963. He currently lives in Dimbaza Location.
Interview Information:
Mr. Twebe discusses his life history and biographical information. He details the construction of the Moses Twebe Community Hall in Dimbaza Location, named after him and constructed just before he was released from Robben Island Prison. He describes the differences between apartheid- and post-apartheid Dimbaza and the poverty caused when the factories in the area left. He tells of his interaction with Steve Biko after Tewebe returned from prison: at his request, Biko procured a truck an a concrete mixer for Twebe so that he could make bricks. Unfortunately, both truck and mixer were taken away from Twebe the next time he was arrested. Mr. Twebe also suggests that South African youth need to be taught not to discriminate against South African whites.
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April 10th, 2009
South Africa | Mississippi
Interview with Sister P. M. Tshazibana
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General Topic of Interview: Health care
Dates: 12 August, 2008
Location: Zanempilo Clinic, Zinyoka Location, King William’s Town, South Africa
Narrator: Sister P. M. Tshazibana
Interviewer: Flosha Tejada
Transcriber: Flosha Tejada
Biographical Information:
Sister P. M. Tshazibana has been the operational manager at the Zanmpilo Health Center since 2002. She has a degree in community nursing. Before coming to Zanempilo, Sister Tshazibana worked at Bhisho Primary Health Care Services.
Interview Information:
Sister Tshazibana details the present state of the Zanempilo Health Clinic. They are understaffed and, even though funded by the government, do not have enough resources such as a communication system (the nurses now use their own cell phones) and ambulance (the nearest one is in Bhisho). She discusses apartheid-era bias in health care, and the two most prevalent diseases the clinic works with now: tuberculosis and HIV.
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April 10th, 2009
South Africa | Mississippi
Interview with Dr. Jeff Peires
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General Topic of Interview: Memorialization
Dates: 10 August, 2008
Location: King William’s Town, South Africa
Narrator: Dr. Jeff Peires
Interviewer: James Chapnick
Transcriber: James Chapnick
Biographical Information:
Dr. Jeff Peires is a historian born in Cape Town. He studied at both the University of Cape Town and the University of Wisconsin.
Interview Information:
Dr. Peires speaks about South African history. He discusses representation of history during and since apartheid in general, in school curricula, and in museums. He discusses the general South African preference to not do away with the symbols of others but rather to add new symbols and memorials. He gives his opinion of street renaming, and details the post-apartheid commemoration of Steve Biko, relations between activists of the anti-apartheid and Civil Rights movements. He also discussed the role of heritage tourism in local communities, and situated three specifically: Robben Island, the Amathole Museum, and the Bhisho Massacre Site.
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April 10th, 2009
South Africa | Mississippi
Interview with Mrs. Thenjiwe Evelyn Nondalana
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General Topic of Interview: Steve Biko, the Black Consciousness Movement
Dates: 12 August, 2008
Location: King William’s Town, South Africa
Narrator: Mrs. Thenjiwe Evelyn Nondalana
Interviewer: Vuyokazi Duna
Transcriber: Unknown
Biographical Information:
Ms. Nondalana is originally from Johannesburg. She was one of the first people employed at the Zanempilo Health Clinic and worked there from 1975 until 2007. While working at Zanempilo, she got to know Steve Biko and greatly admires him.
Interview Information:
Ms. Nondalana details the founding of the Zanempilo Health Clinic in Zinyoka Location. She discusses the role of Steve Biko both at Zanempilo and in the wider context of the Black Consciousness Movement. From her first hand perspective, she tells of the struggle for Zanempilo to stand against the apartheid regime while at the same time attempting to meet medical demands in Zinyoka. She talks about police raids in general and at Zanempilo, and discusses Steve Biko’s funeral.
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April 10th, 2009
South Africa | Mississippi
Interview with Rev. Colin Jooste
Transcript access controlled.
General Topic of Interview: Life and Religion under Apartheid
Dates: 13 and 20 August, 2008
Location: Rev. Jooste’s residence, King William’s Town, South Africa
Narrator: Rev Colin Jooste
Interviewers: Max Paschall and Kim Lacy Rogers
Transcriber: Kyle Coston
Biographical Information:
Restricted
Interview Information:
Restricted. Please access the transcript at the Community Studies Center.
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April 10th, 2009
South Africa | Mississippi
Access to this transcript is controlled as per the narrators’ request. It can only be accessed in person at the Community Studies Center Black Liberation Movements Mosaic Archive at Dickinson College. Thank you for your cooperation.
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April 10th, 2009
South Africa | Mississippi
Interview with Mr.Fuzile Ndaba
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General Topic of Interview: Black Consciousness Movement
Date: 12 August, 2008
Location: Zinyoka Location, near King William’s Town, South Africa
Narrator: Mr. Fuzile Ndaba
Interviewer: Vuyokazi Duna
Transcriber: Vuyokazi Duna
Translator: Vuyokazi Duna
Biographical Information:
Mr. Fuzile Ndaba lives in Zinyoka Location outside of King William’s Town. There he is the secretary of the Zanempilo Clinic counsel. He joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1990 and is still involved in the organization.
Interview Information:
Mr. Ndaba discusses the founding of the Zanempilo Clinic by Steve Biko and Dr. Ramphele. He alludes to white preceptions of the ANC and the Black Consciousness Movement during Apartheid and sang the liberation song “Eli lizwe lelokhokho bethu” (“This is our ancestors land, this is the black man’s land”). He moves on to discuss the modern realities of healthcare and the criticizes the rising crime rate on the scarcity of jobs available.
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