Dickinson College, Spring 2024

Author: Matthew Pinsker

Visualizing Democracy

Alexander Keyssar explains the fits and starts of expanding (and sometimes contracting) nineteenth-century American democracy in chapters 2 and 3 of his book, The Right to Vote (2009 ed.).  But how best to visualize this complicated story?

Madeleine Gardner offered one valuable approach by trying her hand at creating some infographics based on her notes from Keyssar.   All students would benefit from this type of model.  Almost every learning study concludes that visualizations help memory.  Associating images with facts is the best way to remember them –far better than underlining, cutting-and-pasting, or even rewriting them.

Even if you lack the time to generate charts, graphs, or maps, there’s usually great benefit in simply finding an image online to associate with some kind of textual insight.  Consider this famous painting from George Caleb Bingham.  It is called “Stump Speaking” (1854), from his trio of paintings on American elections.  You can find out more about this series here, but also look below how just combining a striking quotation from Keyssar’s book along with the image helps underscore the interpretation.

"If a man can think without property, he can vote without property." Delegate to Louisiana constitutional convention, 1845

“If a man can think without property, he can vote without property.” Comment from a delegate to Louisiana constitutional convention, 1845 (Keyssar, p. 41)

Lincoln’s First National Convention

Lincoln's First TelegramThis summer, Democrats met in Philadelphia to hold their national nominating convention.  In 1848, the Whigs did the same with Congressman Abraham Lincoln in attendance.  Despite a long career in partisan politics,  it was Lincoln’s first –and only– direct experience at a national party convention.  Yet the story of this moment in June 1848 offers a very teachable window into Lincoln’s own rise to power as well as some key aspects concerning the general evolution of American electoral politics.  For the full story, go the “Muster” blog at the Journal of the Civil War Era:

1860 Election Day in Springfield, Illinois

This entry was originally posted by Don Sailer at Blog Divided.

“The Cannon Salvo that thundered over Springfield, Illinois, to greet the sunrise on November 6, 1860, signaled not the start of a battle, but the end of one…Election Day was finally dawning.” – Historian Harold Holzer

Abraham Lincoln, however, was not one to rush and vote right after the polling places opened in the morning. He apparently waited until 3pm when, as the New York Tribune explained, “the multitude…[had] diminished sufficiently to allow tolerably free passage.” The Tribune’s correspondent described what happened once the crowd realized that Lincoln had arrived:

“at that moment he was suddenly saluted with the wildest outbursts of enthusiasm every yielded by a popular assemblage. All party feelings seemed to be forgotten and even the distributors of opposition tickets joined in the overwhelming demonstrations of greeting…there was only one sentiment expressed – that of the heartiest and most undivided delight at his appearance. Mr. Lincoln advanced as rapidly as possible to the voting table and handed in his ticket, upon which, it is hardly necessary to say, all the names were sound republicans. The only alteration he made was the cutting off of his own name from the top where it had been printed.”

As Holzer explains, “Lincoln modestly cut his own name..from his ticket” and “vot[ed] only for his party’s candidates for state and local office.” Later that evening Lincoln went to the local telegraph office, where he waited for reports on election returns from across the country. “All safe in this state,” as Thurlow Weed explained from Albany, New York. Simon Cameron sent word from Philadelphia, Pennsylvanian, while a report from Alton, Illinois, noted that “[Republicans] have checkmated [Democrats’] scheme of fraud.” “Those who saw [Lincoln] at the time,” as the New York Times observed, “say it would have been impossible for a bystander to tell that that tall, lean, wiry, good-natured, easy-going gentleman…was the choice of the people to fill the most important office in the nation.”

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