Citations

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Primary Sources:

The Reason the Negro Voted the Democratic Ticket.”1911. The Chicago Defender. April 8th, Proquest Historical Newspapers.

“Jim Crow Law is Upheld by U.S. High Court.” 1920. The Chicago Tribune. April 20th, Proquest Historical Newspapers.

Roster, Edgar. 1936. “New Deal Ignored Negro Needs Congress Charges.” Philadelphia Tribune. October 22nd , Proquest Historical Newspapers.

Lynching. Two African American men hang from a tree in Marion, Indiana.” Photograph, 1930. From Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress. IN Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: From the Age of Segregation to the Twenty-first Century.” Ed. Paul Finkelman New York: Oxford UP, 2008. Oxford African American Studies Center. 

“A Dance at an Agricultural Workers’ Camp, Bridgeton, New Jersey.” Photograph,1942. From Getty Images. Black Studies Center.

“Freedmen’s Bureau Agent.” Drawing, 1868. From Getty Images. Black Studies Center.

“Members of the Ku Klux Klan Preparing to Lynch a Representative Abraham Lincoln.” Drawing, 1867. From Getty Images. Black Studies Center.

“Freedmen’s Bureau.” 1868. New Orleans Advocate. December 19th, EBSCO Newspaper Source.

“Petition of Committee in Behalf of the Freedmen to Andrew Johnson” Petition, 1865. From Foner Textbook.

Wesley, Charles H. “The Negro Has Always Wanted the Four Freedoms.” In What the Negro Wants. University of North Carolina Press, 1944. From Foner Textbook.

Joint Select Committee. Report on the Condition of Affairs in the Late Insurrectionary States. By United States 42ndCongress. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1872.

 

Secondary Sources:

Besag, Frank P. “Social Darwinism, Race, and Research.” Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis3, no. 1 (1981): 55-69.

Boles, Dorcas Davis, June Gary Hopps, Obie Clayton, and Shena Leverett Brown. “The Dance Between Addams and Du Bois: Collaboration and Controversy in a Consequential 20th Century Relationship.” Phylon (1960-)53, no. 2 (2016): 34-53.

Simms-Brown, R. Jean. “Populism and Black Americans: Constructive or Destructive?” The Journal of Negro History65, no. 4 (1980): 349-60. doi:10.2307/2716864.

Fields, Corey D.Black Elephants in the Room: The Unexpected Politics of African American Republicans. Oakland, California: University of California Press, 2016. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1f1hdkx.

Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty! An American History. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2016.

Gould, Stephen Jay. The Mismeausre of Man. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1981.

Harrison, Lowell H., and James C. Klotter. “Reconstruction, Readjustment, and Race, 1865-1875.” In A New History of Kentucky, 234-48. University Press of Kentucky, 1997.

Slap, Andrew L. “The Liberal Republicans Try Again, 1872–1876.” In The Doom of Reconstruction: The Liberal Republicans in the Civil War Era, 222-37. New York: Fordham University, 2006

Warner, Lee H. “The End of Reconstruction.” In Free Men in an Age of Servitude: Three Generations of a Black Family, 115-34. University Press of Kentucky, 1992.

Wright, George C. “Race Relations.” InA History of Blacks in Kentucky: In Pursuit of Equality, 1890-1980, 43-102. University Press of Kentucky, 1992.