{"id":1906,"date":"2010-05-20T06:20:44","date_gmt":"2010-05-20T10:20:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/buddhistethics\/?page_id=1906"},"modified":"2025-02-20T14:40:04","modified_gmt":"2025-02-20T18:40:04","slug":"jbe-style-guide-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/buddhistethics\/jbe-style-guide-2\/","title":{"rendered":"JBE Style Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Spelling<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>American (i.e., not British) English.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Paragraphs<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>New paragraphs are indented (<em>except<\/em> for the first paragraph of a new section, which is aligned left).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Headings<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Headings are <strong>boldfaced<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Main headings have capital letters for significant words; are in roman font; one line before.<\/li>\n<li>Subheadings have initial capital only; are in <em>italic<\/em> font; one line before.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Grammar<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cThat\u201d to be used only in restrictive relative clauses; \u201cwhich\u201d to be used in descriptive relative clauses.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cSince\u201d to be used only with reference to a passed period of time, not as a synonym of \u201cbecause\u201d; \u201cwhile\u201d to be changed to \u201calthough\u201d when not used specifically in terms of a time relationship.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Punctuation<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use serial commas (i.e., place a comma before \u201cand\u201d in a list; e.g., \u201cred, white, and blue\u201d).<\/li>\n<li>Periods and commas go <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">inside<\/span> quotation marks; semicolons and colons go <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">outside<\/span> quotation marks.<\/li>\n<li>Use commas after \u201ce.g.\u201d and \u201ci.e.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Use unspaced em-dashes (\u2014). Most word-processors will convert double-hyphens to em-dashes automatically.<\/li>\n<li>Use apostrophe + s for possessives of words ending in \u2013s, e.g., \u201cEdwards\u2019s view.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Quotations<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use only double quotation marks (except for quotes within a quote, which use single marks).<\/li>\n<li>Quotations of 40 words and more are to be displayed (indented, with one line before and one line after), with no quotation marks;\u00a0\u00a0source given at end of a quotation is in roman, and follows closing punctuation.<\/li>\n<li>Text within quotations must remain as published; it should not be standardized (this includes capitalization and standardization of transliterations).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ellipsis<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Spaced ellipsis, without brackets; four spaced dots when including a full stop.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Spacing<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Space between initials in a name (e.g., J. P. Smith).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Numbers<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Numbers one to ninety-nine are written out; numbers 100 and over are in numerals (but \u201c36 percent\u201d).<\/li>\n<li>Approximations in place of numbers are written out (e.g., \u201caround eight hundred\u201d).<\/li>\n<li>Change fractions to decimals where possible.<\/li>\n<li>No elision of numbers: pages 232-238, not 232-38; 1980-1984, not 1980-84.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cChapter one,\u201d \u201cchapter two,\u201d etc., not \u201cchap. 1\u201d or \u201cchapter one\u201d or \u201cchapter 1.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Notes<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Footnotes, when used, should contain only substantive information.\u00a0 Bibliographic citation should be in-line, in Modern Language Association style (see below for examples).<\/li>\n<li>Note indicators are superscripted arabic numbers without parentheses.<\/li>\n<li>If the note comes at the end of a quote, the note indicator comes after the closing quote marks: \u201c. . . the largest community in the world today.\u201d<sup>1<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Bibliographic reference in text<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In MLA form, citations of sources are separated from text by a space, with author\u2019s last name and page number within parentheses. Example:\u00a0 (Cozort 43).\u00a0 If the author\u2019s name is obvious from the text, cite only the page number.\u00a0 If more than one work by an author is included in the list of references, a keyword is also inserted.\u00a0\u00a0 Example: (Cozort <em>Highest<\/em> 43). There are no commas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Dates<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1500s, not 1500\u2019s.<\/li>\n<li>\u201c1960s,\u201d not \u201csixties.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cSeventh century,\u201d not \u201cSeventh Century\u201d or \u201c7th Century.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>650 B.C., A.D. 1998, 621 B.C.E. (B.C.E. and C.E. are preferred to B.C. and A.D.)<\/li>\n<li>March 5, not March 5th.<\/li>\n<li>Ranges: 1950-1959 (with a hyphen, not a dash).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Titles<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Book titles are <em>italicized<\/em>; article titles are enclosed in quotation marks.<\/li>\n<li>Conference titles such as \u201cBuddhism and Human Rights\u201d are in quotation marks, not italics.<\/li>\n<li>Titles like \u201cassistant book editor\u201d are not capitalized (unless used in a heading).<\/li>\n<li>Transliterations in the title and headings should be the same as in the body of the article.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Lists<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>For a numbered list within a sentence, use numbers enclosed in parentheses and end each item with a semi-colon. For example, &#8220;The Four Sublime Abodes are: (1) love; (2) compassion; (3) empathetic joy; and (4) equanimity.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Numbered lists and notes in text: 1&#8230;.2&#8230;., etc. (number followed by period; no parentheses or superscripts).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Figures and Charts<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>For figures mentioned in text: figure 1; figure 2 etc.<\/li>\n<li>For figure caption\u00a0: fig. 1\u00a0; fig. 2 etc.<\/li>\n<li>Charts are in tables and do not use tabs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Units<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Units of measurement should be unambiguous; if using dollars, it must be clear to which country\u2019s dollars the article is referring.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Typeface<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Do not use <strong>bold<\/strong> anywhere in the document except for headings.<\/li>\n<li>Use <em>italics<\/em> for emphasis rather than <strong>bold<\/strong> or <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">underscoring<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Foreign Language Issues<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>All technical terms in Buddhist languages, except proper names, are italicized except for those that have become English words. A list of common terms may be found below. Please note carefully which ones are and are not italicized.<\/li>\n<li>Use a font that contains characters with the necessary diacritical marks. We recommend Gentium Plus, which can be downloaded free from (http:\/\/scripts.sil.org\/cms\/scripts\/page.php?site_id=nrsi&amp;id=gentium_download#c6982247); it is suggested that you download and install this font and use this template (<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/buddhistethics\/files\/2025\/02\/Template-for-JBE-articles-1.docx\">Template for JBE articles) to prepare your article.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Examples of Bibliographic Entries (MLA Style, 8th Edition)<\/h3>\n<pre><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Book:<\/strong><br \/>\nPrebish, Charles. <em>Luminous Passage: The Practice and Study of Buddhism in America<\/em>. University of California Press, 1999.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>. Prebish, Charles.\u00a0<em>American Buddhism<\/em>. Duxbury Press, 1979. [note that for additional works by the same author, one underscores ten spaces instead of repeating the name.]<\/p>\n<p>Hammond, Phillip and David Machacek. <em>Soka Gakkai in America: Accommodation and Conversion<\/em>. Oxford University Press, 1999.<\/p>\n<p>Keown, Damien, editor. <em>Contemporary Buddhist Ethics<\/em>. Curzon Press, 2000.<\/p>\n<p>Keown, Damien and Charles Prebish, editors. <em>The Encyclopedia of Buddhism<\/em>. Routledge Curzon Press, 2006.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chapter in a book:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Keown, Damien. \u201cAre There Human Rights in Buddhism?\u201d In <em>Buddhism and Human Rights<\/em>, edited by Damien Keown, Charles Prebish, and Wayne Husted, Curzon Press, 1998, pp. 15-41.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Journal article:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prebish, Charles. \u201cTwo Buddhisms Reconsidered.\u201d <em>Buddhist Studies Review,<\/em> vol. 10, no. 2, 1993, pp. 187-206.<\/p>\n<p>Keown, Damien and Shakyamuni Buddha. \u201cEthics and Salsa.\u201d <em>Journal of Buddhist Ethics,<\/em> vol. 12, 2004, pp. 132-301.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Electronic source:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Electrobuddha, Cyber. \u201cBuddhism on the Internet.\u201d <em>Buddhism in Cyberspace,\u00a0<\/em> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bjc.com\/~electrobuddha.html\">www.bjc.com\/Eelectrobuddha.<\/a> Accessed 4 November 2017.<\/p>\n<h3>Spelling\/Hyphenation\/Capitalization<\/h3>\n<pre><\/pre>\n<p>(For additional queries and style questions, please take a look at the current volume of the <em>Journal<\/em>.)<\/p>\n<p><strong>A<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a priori (no italics)<\/p>\n<p>acknowledgment<\/p>\n<p>adviser<\/p>\n<p>aesthetic<\/p>\n<p>afterward<\/p>\n<p>all right<\/p>\n<p>alms food<\/p>\n<p>Americanize<\/p>\n<p>analogue<\/p>\n<p><em>an\u0101tman<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>anatt\u0101<\/em><\/p>\n<p>ancien r\u00e9gime, the (no italics)<\/p>\n<p>anglicize<\/p>\n<p>anti-Semitic<\/p>\n<p>arabic numerals<\/p>\n<p><em>arhat<\/em>, <em>arahant<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Asian American (family)<\/p>\n<p>AUM<\/p>\n<p><strong>B<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B.A.<\/p>\n<p>bachelor\u2019s degree<\/p>\n<p>behavior<\/p>\n<p>benefited<\/p>\n<p>best-known (when attributive)<\/p>\n<p><em>Bhagavad Gita<\/em> (italics)<\/p>\n<p><em>bhik\u1e63u<\/em> (lower-case \u2018b\u2019 unless part of a name)<\/p>\n<p>Bible, the<\/p>\n<p>biblical<\/p>\n<p>big bang theory<\/p>\n<p>bioethics<\/p>\n<p>Bodhisattva (if referring to Siddhartha Gautama prior to enlightenment, or a particular bodhisattva, such as the Bodhisattva Tara; otherwise not capitalized)<\/p>\n<p>Bronze Age<\/p>\n<p>Buddha, the<\/p>\n<p>buddhas<\/p>\n<p>Buddhahood<\/p>\n<p>Buddhist<\/p>\n<p>Buddhist ethics<\/p>\n<p>Buddhist Studies<\/p>\n<p><strong>C<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ca. \u2013 change to \u201ccirca\u201d or \u201caround\u201d where possible<\/p>\n<p>call for papers<\/p>\n<p>canceled<\/p>\n<p>catalog<\/p>\n<p>chapter one<\/p>\n<p>Christian<\/p>\n<p>Christlike<\/p>\n<p>civilization<\/p>\n<p>classical<\/p>\n<p>coauthor<\/p>\n<p>coeditor<\/p>\n<p>color<\/p>\n<p>consensus<\/p>\n<p>coorigination<\/p>\n<p>copyeditor<\/p>\n<p>criticize<\/p>\n<p><strong>D<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dark Ages, the<\/p>\n<p>de facto (no italics)<\/p>\n<p>descendant<\/p>\n<p><em>Dharma<\/em> (italics)<\/p>\n<p>doctor\u2019s degree<\/p>\n<p>download<\/p>\n<p><strong>E<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>e.g. \u2013 change to \u201cfor example\u201d where possible<\/p>\n<p>the East, Eastern<\/p>\n<p>ecosystem<\/p>\n<p>ego-self<\/p>\n<p>Eightfold Path, the<\/p>\n<p>embarrass<\/p>\n<p>endeavor<\/p>\n<p>Enlightenment, the<\/p>\n<p>etc. \u2013 change to \u201cand so forth\u201d where possible<\/p>\n<p><strong>F<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>fall (the season)<\/p>\n<p>ff.<\/p>\n<p>fin de si\u00e8cle (no italics)<\/p>\n<p>First Noble Truth<\/p>\n<p>Five Precepts, the<\/p>\n<p>fluorescent<\/p>\n<p>foresee<\/p>\n<p>Four Noble Truths, the<\/p>\n<p>Fulfillment<\/p>\n<p><strong>G<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gelugpa order<\/p>\n<p>generalize<\/p>\n<p>glamorous<\/p>\n<p>glamour<\/p>\n<p>Golden Rule, the<\/p>\n<p>green revolution<\/p>\n<p><strong>H<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>harass<\/p>\n<p>hell-being<\/p>\n<p>Hinduism<\/p>\n<p>homepage<\/p>\n<p>homeric<\/p>\n<p>HTML<\/p>\n<p><strong>I<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>i.e. \u2013 change to \u201cthat is\u201d where possible<\/p>\n<p>ibid. (no italics)<\/p>\n<p>idiosyncrasy<\/p>\n<p>inasmuch<\/p>\n<p>indispensable<\/p>\n<p>Indo-European<\/p>\n<p>inoculate<\/p>\n<p>Internet<\/p>\n<p>Iron Age<\/p>\n<p><strong>J<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>JBE<\/em> (italics)<\/p>\n<p><em>JGB<\/em> (italics)<\/p>\n<p>Jew<\/p>\n<p><em>Journal of Buddhist Ethics<\/em> (italics)<\/p>\n<p><em>Journal of Global Buddhism<\/em> (italics)<\/p>\n<p>Judgment<\/p>\n<p><strong>K<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>karma<\/p>\n<p><strong>L<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>labeled<\/p>\n<p>laissez-faire (no italics)<\/p>\n<p>lay people<\/p>\n<p>layman<\/p>\n<p>liaison<\/p>\n<p>lifespan<\/p>\n<p>lightning<\/p>\n<p>Listserv<\/p>\n<p>litre<\/p>\n<p><strong>M<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>M.A.<\/p>\n<p>Madhyamaka<\/p>\n<p>macroeconomics<\/p>\n<p>Mah\u0101y\u0101na<\/p>\n<p>matter-of-fact (when attributive)<\/p>\n<p>metre<\/p>\n<p>midcentury<\/p>\n<p>Middle Ages, the<\/p>\n<p>middle-class voters; the middle class<\/p>\n<p>mid-June<\/p>\n<p>millennium<\/p>\n<p>Muslim<\/p>\n<p>mustache<\/p>\n<p><strong>N<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>neo-Darwinian<\/p>\n<p>Neolithic<\/p>\n<p>Neoorthodox<\/p>\n<p><em>nirv\u0101\u1e47a<\/em><\/p>\n<p>nonattachment<\/p>\n<p>nondualistic<\/p>\n<p>nonessential<\/p>\n<p>nonexistence<\/p>\n<p>nonhuman<\/p>\n<p>nonintentional<\/p>\n<p>nonperson<\/p>\n<p>nonsentient<\/p>\n<p>nonviolent<\/p>\n<p>non-Western<\/p>\n<p><strong>O<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ongoing<\/p>\n<p>online<\/p>\n<p><strong>P<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u0101li<\/p>\n<p><em>pa\u1e6dicca-samupp\u0101da<\/em><\/p>\n<p>percent<\/p>\n<p>Ph.D.<\/p>\n<p>postdoctoral<\/p>\n<p>pp.<\/p>\n<p><em>prat\u012btya-samutp\u0101da<\/em><\/p>\n<p>preconference<\/p>\n<p>preempt<\/p>\n<p>president (of the United States); President Obama<\/p>\n<p>privilege<\/p>\n<p>pro-life<\/p>\n<p>protolanguage<\/p>\n<p>prototypical<\/p>\n<p>pseudoheroic<\/p>\n<p><strong>R<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>rabbi, the; Rabbi Salzman<\/p>\n<p>reaffirm<\/p>\n<p>reedit<\/p>\n<p>reestablish<\/p>\n<p>reexamine<\/p>\n<p>Renaissance, the<\/p>\n<p>resistance<\/p>\n<p>reunify<\/p>\n<p><em>Rig-Veda<\/em> (italics)<\/p>\n<p>roman numerals<\/p>\n<p>romantic period<\/p>\n<p><strong>S<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>sa\u1e45gha<\/em> (P\u0101li)\/ <em>sa\u1e43gha<\/em> (Sanskrit); capitalized if referred to as one of the Three Jewels.<\/p>\n<p>savior<\/p>\n<p>self-consciousness<\/p>\n<p>self-reliant<\/p>\n<p>Shingon<\/p>\n<p>Shintoism<\/p>\n<p>skeptic<\/p>\n<p>Sixteenth Gyalwa Karmapa<\/p>\n<p>sixth-century poet<\/p>\n<p>socioeconomic<\/p>\n<p>Southeast Asia<\/p>\n<p>space age<\/p>\n<p>spring (the season)<\/p>\n<p>status quo<\/p>\n<p>Stone Age<\/p>\n<p>sturm und drang (no italics)<\/p>\n<p>supersede<\/p>\n<p>supraliminal<\/p>\n<p>s\u016btra\/s\u016btta (no italics); <em>Lotus S\u016btra<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>T<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tantra<\/p>\n<p>Tantric<\/p>\n<p>Taoism<\/p>\n<p>theater<\/p>\n<p>Therav\u0101da<\/p>\n<p>Three Jewels, the<\/p>\n<p>Three Treasures, the<\/p>\n<p>three-quarters (of a mile)<\/p>\n<p>totaled<\/p>\n<p>toward (not towards)<\/p>\n<p>transsocietal<\/p>\n<p>tropic of Cancer<\/p>\n<p><strong>U<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>underused<\/p>\n<p>unselfconscious<\/p>\n<p>unshakable<\/p>\n<p>upload<\/p>\n<p>up-to-date<\/p>\n<p><strong>V<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vajray\u0101na<\/p>\n<p>Vedic<\/p>\n<p><em>Vinaya<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Vinayapi\u1e6daka<\/em><\/p>\n<p>viz. \u2013 change to \u201cnamely\u201d where possible<\/p>\n<p><strong>W<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>web page<\/p>\n<p>website<\/p>\n<p>well-known (when attributive)<\/p>\n<p>the West, Western<\/p>\n<p>World Wide Web<\/p>\n<p>worldwide<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spelling American (i.e., not British) English. Paragraphs New paragraphs are indented (except for the first paragraph of a new section, which is aligned left). Headings Headings are boldfaced. Main headings have capital letters for significant words; are in roman font; one line before. Subheadings have initial capital only; are in italic font; one line before. &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/buddhistethics\/jbe-style-guide-2\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">JBE Style Guide<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":317,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1906","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P5X8HA-uK","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/buddhistethics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1906","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/buddhistethics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/buddhistethics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/buddhistethics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/317"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/buddhistethics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1906"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/buddhistethics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1906\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/buddhistethics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1906"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}