{"id":8411,"date":"2024-09-15T08:00:50","date_gmt":"2024-09-15T12:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/glossen\/?p=8411"},"modified":"2024-09-15T12:20:43","modified_gmt":"2024-09-15T16:20:43","slug":"baltimore-german-and-german-jewish-populations-expand-the-city-pt-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/glossen\/2024\/09\/15\/baltimore-german-and-german-jewish-populations-expand-the-city-pt-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Baltimore: German and German-Jewish Populations Expand the City (Pt. 3)"},"content":{"rendered":"

by Anna Rosmus<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anna Rosmus uses archival material and interviews to tell the story of German and German-Jewish heritage in the greater Baltimore area. Quotes without citations are from her conversations and correspondence. This is the third and final post in a three-part series. Click here for “Baltimore: German and German-Jewish Populations Expand the City (Pt. 1)<\/a>” and “Baltimore: German and German-Jewish Populations Expand the City (Pt. 2)<\/a>”\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Bel Air<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\nMichael Wagner presenting a bowl in the Bel Air hospital cafeteria<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Having grown up in Ocean City, MD, the 45-year-old with German-Irish ancestors considered himself \u201ca hard-core alcoholic, and a drug addict.\u201d That cost him his driver\u2019s license. When Wagner was told he may just have another three years to live before dying of liver cirrhosis, he looked for a fresh start where he could continue to cook – albeit without alcohol. In 2022, after a few months at Panera, he was hired at the Bel Air hospital. Food for patients, often on dull diets, was a challenge. Nonetheless, Wagner hoped to include at least some excitement. Plates he served often had a decidedly different look. Preparing meals for staff members and visitors gave him more options. Although most recipes still came from an outside vendor, Wagner was free to insert slight variations, and coworkers were not the only ones who noticed these differences. Whereas his juicy meatloaf quickly sold out, another colleague\u2019s look-alike version was mocked as mere cardboard and \u201csawdust.\u201d Prompted how he achieved his cooking skills, Wagner recalled:<\/p>\n

My parents used to frequent a bar. Chef Kevin King was tired of me sitting in a booth, waiting for them. When I was 12 [years old], he pulled me to the kitchen. I\u2019ve loved cooking ever since. Later on, I attended culinary school where I learned the ins-and-outs of paying for all that.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Today, Wagner feels integrated in his new neighborhood. He is planning to buy the house he is now renting, and once he gets his driver\u2019s license back, he might aim for a position as a traveling sous chef. If he could change anything, Wagner said, it would be \u201cmore positivity, all around.\u201d<\/p>\n

Asked what it is like to have him in the dietary department, its director admitted: \u201cVery humbling; especially since I liked cooking since I was a teenager. It makes me realize how much I don\u2019t know sometimes.\u201d<\/p>\n

In a multi-facetted crowd like UMUCH employees, national and racial stereotypes were often subjects of discussion and some banter. Laura Vrettakos, who married the son of Greek immigrants, could easily blend into any Bavarian crowd. During a break in the cafeteria, she told other food service workers how irritated she was as a teenager, when her father and her stepfather showed her the cold shoulder when she did not voluntarily hand over $25 from her first job.<\/p>\n

After a car accident, Vrettakos explained, her mother was disabled, and Robert Maurer, her father, did shift work. For years, four of the five teenaged children already held jobs. To help with the family\u2019s grocery bills, each one was expected to contribute $25 a week. That way, they also learned about \u201cresponsibility,\u201d a key word of their youth. \u201cThat and the silence may be a German thing,\u201d Vrettakos speculated. \u201cI\u2019d rather had them shout at me, and we could get it all out instead. But they were stubborn.\u201d Maurer was born here, but his mother and father had immigrated from Munich. Francis Pfarr, her stepfather, had a maternal grandmother from Germany.<\/p>\n

Donna Kelble, who joined the dietary department six years ago, was eager to confirm that. Snickering, she explained, \u201cMy husband is German. Extremely smart and focused, but also stubborn. He\u2019s an engineer with two degrees. He takes charge. Yesterday, we went to a German restaurant. I had pork, very thinly sliced, and breaded. It was really good.\u201d \u201cSchnitzel,\u201d one of the cooks commented before Kelble could add, \u201cand they sang \u2018Happy birthday\u2019 for him, in German!\u201d In passing, Leslie Strouse exclaimed, \u201cI am German, too!\u201d \u201cKaiser, maiden name. It doesn\u2019t get more German than that.\u201d Supervisor John Jackson shared that his maternal grandmother\u2019s maiden name was Lindt, assimilated to Lind at immigration.<\/p>\n

RN Peter Valentine stopped at another table. \u201cI was adopted by the Valentines,\u201d he explained. \u201cHer maiden name was Geiss. My birth mother\u2019s name was Steckel. They were from the Alps, Switzerland or Germany. But I never really learned German, I just picked up some.\u201d \u201cWith a very authentic tone,\u201d a snickering immigrant commented, \u201ccrisp and firm, as if barking.\u201d<\/p>\n

That topic seemed to draw in Security officer John Trommer, whose paternal \u201cgrandfather immigrated from Germany. I\u2019ve never been there,\u201d he said, \u201cbut after 27 years in the air force, I retired, and at [the Baltimore Washington Airport] BWI, I was told that I can get to Ramstein for $20.\u201d Switching the topic, Trommer, wondered, \u201cWhy did so many people hate the Jews?\u201d And quickly, he found himself immersed in tense topics ranging from Germans exploiting Ukraine during WWII and Aryanizing Jewish businesses to current problems with its own immigrants. \u201cHave you ever been to the Holocaust Museum?\u201d Trommer asked. \u201cI want to see it. I am curious. Also why so many people didn\u2019t know about something as big as the Holocaust. Have you seen \u2018Schindler\u2019s List\u2019,\u201d he continued. \u201cIs that the truth, that you see there?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cI have a hard time adjusting to the changes in this country,\u201d Trommer admits. Did you know Haussner,<\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/a> that German restaurant in Baltimore? Famous, but it\u2019s all gone. There was a whole Germantown, but that\u2019s pretty much gone, too.\u201d Tapping the photo collection on his smartphone, the officer showed off some Trommer Brewery<\/a> memorabilia that he collected. Asked whether he is related to that family, the officer just shrugged his shoulders.<\/p>\n

Trommer\u2019s break was over, and he continued to patrol both of Harford County\u2019s hospitals. \u201cI like 12-hour shifts,\u201d he explained. Patients with mental health problems like those in Aberdeen, he found \u201cinteresting to watch, and learning how to communicate with them.\u201d<\/p>\n

In Bel Air, it was a different atmosphere. Hotter discussions involved ghosts from the past. The telephone book showed several Himmlers. Running into people like them almost inevitably triggered questions such as \u201cAre they related to those<\/em>?\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a> When an immigrant from Germany inquired about a local woman\u2019s surname, she laughed off the question, and added, \u201cYou should know my m a i d e n name! My aunt always talked about her uncle Rudolf [Hess]. Until he died in Spandau.\u201d[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Charles Friesner (1926-2020) loved his accordion. After his first wife died, he began to entertain audiences, wearing Lederhosen and occasionally singing what turned out to be Hitler Youth songs. \u201cHe didn\u2019t know,\u201d his second wife assured younger, inquisitive people.<\/p>\n

William Michael Leeb (*1960), whom Forbes listed among the Best-In-State Wealth Advisors<\/a> in 2024, is a son of the late Howard William Leeb (1931-2011). Visiting his ailing mother,[4]<\/sup><\/a> he unexpectedly learned of the estate that Adolf Hitler had gifted Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) Wilhelm Leeb (1876-1956). Leafing through Hitlers Nibelungen,<\/em>[5]<\/sup><\/a> William seemed so transfixed that he toyed with the idea of traveling there.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Image<\/a>
\nCharles Friesner entertaining<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hearing a woman\u2019s name and date of birth during a routine COVID clinic, RN Hoffman recognized a German accent. Briefly scanning the immediate area for possible eavesdroppers, she pointed to her own last name on the ID tag before she sterilized a spot on the patient\u2019s right arm. With an instant smile, she said, \u201cTwo \u2018f\u2019, you get it? As in Hitler\u2019s photographer.[6]<\/sup><\/a> It was my father in-law\u2019s family. They came here after the war.\u201d Baffled, the patient wondered, \u201cWhy did he come h e r e?\u201d As the vaccination reached her blood stream, she learned more than she originally bargained for.<\/p>\n

Up north, they needed farm hands. Undocumented, many needed a place to stay and food. Once they found a place, they told their friends and family. And they told their friends. There were many. It was safe, away from where anybody would come looking.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cAdolf the Wolf\u201d<\/strong><\/h4>\n

A different social group at Bel Air referred not only to Donald Trump\u2019s biological German roots,[7]<\/sup><\/a> but also to references of the Third Reich. That tone was unmistakably sharper. During Covid, Trump\u2019s suggestion to consume hydroxychloroquine[8]<\/sup><\/a> drew as much attention in these circles as his writing, \u201cwe wage total war.\u201d[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

After January 6, 2021, when crowds forced their way into the U.S. Capitol, chaos was watched with alarm. Financially savvy observers noted that \u201cThe New York Times<\/em> says Deutsche Bank has decided to do no more business with Donald Trump.\u201d[10]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cOf the more than 900 people who have been arrested for their participation \u2026, at least two have connections to white supremacist prison gangs.\u201d[11]<\/sup><\/a> A Capitol rioter sporting a Hitler mustache made the rounds as well.[12]<\/sup><\/a> Over lunch, assessments such as \u201cThe Trump insurrection was America’s Beer Hall Putsch\u201d[13]<\/sup><\/a> were shared, and when social-media users noticed that a Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) stage resembled a symbol used on Nazi uniforms,[14]<\/sup><\/a> Germanic runes became a topic of conversation.<\/p>\n

By 2019, even mainstream readers learned that the \u201cThe number of hate groups has skyrocketed in the last four years.\u201d[15]<\/sup><\/a> One of them was the \u201cAtomwaffen Division (AWD),\u201d[16]<\/sup><\/a> after July 2020 also known as the National Socialist Order (NSO), which was \u201corganized as a series of terror cells\u201d and known for extreme violence. It \u201chas been linked to several murders, bombings and plots in the United States and other countries.\u201d[17]<\/sup><\/a> In 2023, when its founder was arrested, FBI Special Agent Thomas Sobocinski was quoted, \u201cThe FBI views them as racially or ethnically motivated extremists.\u201d[18]<\/sup><\/a> According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, \u201cterroristic\u201d Atomwaffen members \u201cbelieve that the modern, post-industrial society cannot be redeemed. Instead, they believe it ought to be driven into apocalyptic collapse so a white ethnostate or whites-only utopia can be constructed in its wake.\u201d Andrew Auernheimer, web administrator for the Daily Stormer<\/a>,[19]<\/sup><\/a> one of America\u2019s top hate sites, did his best to contribute.[20]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

In a volatile environment like this, even insignia on some cars trigger an exchange of looks and comments.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"A<\/a>
\nStormtrooper in Bel Air<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

With images of carnage in Gaza in abundance, some locals posted a 1941 cartoon on social media that featured a proud woman in a frock with the motto \u201cAmerica First.\u201d Reading from a book called \u201cAdolf the Wolf\u201d to two horrified children, she announced that \u201cthe wolf chewed up the children and spit out their bones … But those were Foreign Children, and it didn’t really matter.\u201d[21]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Trump has deemed his political rivals \u201cvermin,\u201d a term with antisemitic connotations from the Third Reich. Before the Iowa caucuses, the GOP primary front-runner claimed that migrants are \u201cpoisoning the blood\u201d of the US. Whereas Zachary B. Wolf wrote that \u201cTrump\u2019s rhetoric dropped to a spine-tingling new low,\u201d[22]<\/sup><\/a> Biden\u2019s reelection campaign specified that this language \u201cparrots Adolf Hitler.\u201d Germans, also in Bel Air, explicitly referred to \u201cMein Kampf\u201d where the future dictator claimed that German blood was \u201cpoisoned\u201d by Jews as he called for racial purity. Realizing that language like that excites many right wingers, Trump was doubling down on it the way Joseph Goebbels, Germany\u2019s chief NS-propagandist, has done. The former Republican House Speaker Paul Ryan summarized, \u201cHe\u2019s a populist, authoritarian narcissist.\u201d<\/p>\n

After a Mar-a-Lago dinner with Holocaust-denying white supremacist Nick Fuentes,[23]<\/sup><\/a> the focus shifted to the former U.S. President again. When the New York Young Republican Club celebrated its 111th<\/sup> Annual Gala with \u201ca night of dinner, drinking, and love of country,\u201d at the Cipriani restaurant on Wall Street, Trump delivered the Keynote. He was quoted, \u201c[Peter] Baker today in the New York Times<\/em> said that I want to be a dictator\u201d \u2026 You know why I wanted to be a dictator? Because I want a wall, and I want to drill, drill, drill.\u201d Gavin Wax, the club\u2019s president, allegedly added, \u201cSince I know the deep state is listening tonight, once President Trump is back in office, we won’t be playing nice anymore. \u2026 It will be a time for retribution.\u201d[24]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

On, July 26 2024, Trump announced to Christian conservatives at the Turning Point Action Believers Summit in Florida, \u201cGet out and vote just this time. You won\u2019t have to do it anymore. Four more years \u2026 we\u2019ll have it fixed so good you\u2019re not going to have to vote.\u201d Democrats were not the only ones who understood that as a genuine threat to American institutions. Spokesperson James Singer added that Trump \u201chas promised violence if he loses, the end of our elections if he wins, and the termination of the Constitution to empower him to be a dictator to enact his dangerous Project 2025<\/a> agenda on America.\u201d[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

To German ears, even the \u201cdivine intervention\u201d that Trump claimed when a bullet struck him in an attempted assassination reeked of Hitler doing so. Eighty years earlier, an attempt to assassinate their \u201cF\u00fchrer\u201d failed. One comment read, \u201cDonald Trump has gone from an insurrection to a resurrection.\u201d[26]<\/sup><\/a> To many, even that reverberated as history repeating itself.[27]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

In his scathing memoir, All in the Family: The Trumps and How We Got This Way, Trump\u2019s nephew, Fred C. Trump III, stirred in another pot,[28]<\/sup><\/a> claiming that his uncle made cruel remarks about disabled people<\/a>. Merely days after its launching, when a woman in Bel Air mentioned that she will speak at an oversees convention about euthanasia, a nurse quipped, \u201cHere, we don\u2019t kill people. At least not yet.\u201d<\/p>\n

Politics and family dramas aside, mental health and violence are serious local problems in the Bel Air area. When the father of a suicidal man called police to Cockeysville, the youngster turned his gun on both <\/a>before he escaped. During the ensuing manhunt<\/a>, police ordered people to \u201cshelter in place.\u201d Local schools were closed, and students attending regional programs for special education did not receive bus service. A vehicle pursuit ended near the Fallston, MD, mall. During an intensive two-day manhunt, news broke that the suspect \u201clives in the same house where 15-year-old Nicholas Browning shot and killed his parents and two younger brothers while they were sleeping.\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Emotions ran high. Jennifer Anna Ehlert, a Michigan native with German ancestors, who was married to a local police officer, arrived exhausted in the UMUCH emergency room. \u201cI was up half of the night,\u201d she explained, \u201clistening to police updates.\u201d Moments later, she came face-to-face with the gunman, now in custody.<\/p>\n

In August 2024, at 6 AM, Eric, a local African-American who was once sentenced to 20 years in prison, was flipping pancakes when he urged a white, legal immigrant from Germany,<\/p>\n

You need a gun. This country is going down. I can see it. On Tuesday, there\u2019s a buy-back for guns. 99.5% of all crimes are committed by the same people. They want to take away all our guns. That\u2019s not happening. Get a gun. You\u2019ll need it to defend yourself. If they can\u2019t pay, they burn down the pharmacy. They burn down the whole block, everything. Once they take away the voting, what\u2019s left? You understand what I\u2019m saying?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

Antisemitic Incidents<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Currently, 240,100 Jews live in Maryland<\/a>. That equals 3.9% of its total population. The state\u2019s hate crime laws<\/a> are meant to protect all people from insults and attacks against their race, religion and ethnicity, along with sexual orientation, disability, gender and gender identity. And yet, in 2021, when antisemitic incidents reached a record high in the U.S., that also happened in Maryland. When the FBI released its hate crime data, they showed \u201cthat Jews remain the single most targeted religious minority in America.\u201d[30]<\/sup><\/a> The Anti-Defamation League (ADL), a nation-wide nonprofit organization that tracks antisemitism and white supremacy across the country, delivered more specific data.[31]<\/sup><\/a> In 2022, readers learned, \u201cFrom vandalism of graves to threatening emails and hate-filled lies, last year saw incidents of antisemitism jump [to 55] in MD and nationwide.\u201d[32]<\/sup><\/a> That was an average of one per week.<\/p>\n

In February 2021, when leaders of the Harford County Young Republicans emailed antisemitic content to their listserv, the Maryland Young Republicans dissolved that chapter. During Hanukah, a rock was thrown through the window of a home that displayed a menorah.[33]<\/sup><\/a> Incidents against Jewish institutions such as synagogues and community centers rose by 6 percent, on K-12 schools by 106 percent, and on college campuses by 21 percent. Physical assaults increased 167 percent, harassments 43 percent, and acts of antisemitic violence by14 percent.[34]<\/a> Howard Libit, executive director of the Baltimore Jewish Council, told WBAL, a commercial news station, that \u201cOver the last two years, the Association of the Baltimore Jewish Council actually had a task force on antisemitism.\u201d On November 1, 2023, the office of Public Affairs announced that \u201cJustice Department Leaders Join Maryland Attorney General to Announce Hate Crime Grants<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

And yet, the data worsened further. According to an ADL press release from April 16, 2024,[35]<\/sup><\/a> 8,873 incidents of assault, harassment, and vandalism were reported across the country in 2023. That meant a 140-percent increase\u00a0from 2022, and the highest level since the organization began to track these data in 1979. Maryland alone reported 339 antisemitic incidents,[36]<\/sup><\/a> a 211% increase compared to the 109 incidents from 2022, and a 516 percent increase from the 55 incidents in 2021 – thus the 7th<\/sup> highest number of antisemitic incidents reported in the entire country.[37]<\/sup><\/a> On a per capita basis, 5.49 per 100,000 residents, \u201cMaryland was among the top five states with the highest concentration of antisemitic incidents.\u201d[38]<\/sup><\/a> Meredith R. Weisel, Regional Director, ADL Washington, D.C., summarized, \u201c[U]nfortunately we are continuing to witness antisemitism move into the mainstream of our culture in a way that was unthinkable even 10 years ago.\u201d[39]<\/sup><\/a><\/a><\/p>\n

This post is a part of a series on Baltimore, its German and German-Jewish heritage, and its hospitals. For more on Baltimore’s hospitals, see the following pieces also by Anna Rosmus:\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cAlpha, Delta, Omicron. Glimpses into the New World of Dr. Fermin Barrueto, Jr.\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n

Anchalee Dulayathitikul: \u201cProud of Being a Thai Nurse in the United States\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> Opened by William Henry Haussner in 1926, the restaurant served its last meal on Wednesday, in 1999. Sotheby’s in New York City auctioned its art collection for $10 million. After the business was donated to the owner of the former Baltimore International College. Joseph Schultz, owner of a Baltimore home and rehab company, purchased it in 2011.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Reichsf\u00fchrer-SS Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (1900-1945), one of the most powerful men in the Third Reich, and a main architect of genocidal programs that killed approximately six million Jews, between 200,000 and 500,000 Romani and other minorities. Generalplan Ost, approved in 1942, killed approximately 14 million, mostly Polish and Soviet citizens. Once arrested, Himmler killed himself. His elder daughter, Gudrun Margarete Elfriede Emma Anna Himmler (1929-2018), married Wulf Dieter Burwitz of the ultranationalist Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (NPD), and she supported groups such as Stille Hilfe<\/a> (\u201cSilent Aid\u201d) that helped former SS-members. Helge Potthast (1942-2005) and Nanette Dorothea Potthast (1944-2000) were half-siblings, Gerhard von der Ahe (1928-2010) her parents\u2019 foster son.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> In 2020, Schimunek Funeral Home in Bel Air posted an obituary for Harriett Leeb.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> Rosmus, Anna: Hitlers Nibelungen<\/em>. Samples Verlag Grafenau, 2015, p.\u00a0281.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> Rudolf Walter Richard Hess (in German: He\u00df, 1894-1987), whom Hitler appointed as his Deputy in 1933, came from a wealthy German family. He signed into law much of the government’s legislation, including the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, which stripped German Jews of vital rights. Hess killed himself in the Spandau prison.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> Heinrich Hoffmann (1885-1957) grew up in Regensburg, where he became a photographer in the shop of his father Robert (*1860) and uncle Heinrich (1862-1928). He also was a publisher, NS-politician and a member of Hitler\u2019s inner circle. In 1920, Hoffmann became the sole distributor of the anti-Semitic weekly magazine Auf gut deutsch. Wochenschrift f\u00fcr Ordnung und Recht.\u201d Allied Art Looting Investigators deemed the millionaire a “major offender” in art plundering of Jews. Although originally sentenced to 10 years in prison, Hoffmann was released in 1950. Six years later, the Bavarian State ordered all art under its control to be returned to him. Hoffmann fathered Henriette (1913\u20131992) and Heinrich (1916-1988), and he adopted Gerd (*1924). Millions of Americans learned about Hoffmann after The New Yorker published Bernard Taper\u2019s story \u201cHitler\u2019s Photographer. An intimate friend of the F\u00fchrer.\u201d<\/p>\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> The earliest traceable male ancestor was Johann Philipp Drumpft (1667\u20131707) from Kallstadt, Bavaria. Donald Trump\u2019s grandparents, Friedrich Trump<\/u> and his wife Elisabeth, grew up there. Amid the anti-German sentiments sparked by World War II, their son Fred, however, claimed to be Swedish instead.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> See From Time to Time: (Hydroxy)Chloroquine<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> White House Statement on the Economic Impact of the Corona Virus from April 15, 2020.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a>\u201cTrump dropped by key lender Deutsche Bank – NYT.\u201d Reuters<\/em>, from January 12, 2021.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cWhite Supremacist Prison Gangs: 2022 Assessment<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

[12<\/sup><\/a>]<\/sup><\/a> Zitser, Joshua: \u201cHitler-loving Capitol insurrectionist with a history of multiple arrests and Jew-baiting had an Army award for ‘exemplary behavior’ and secret-level security clearance<\/a>.\u201d from March 21, 2021.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> Benjamin Carter Hett\u2019s \u201cOp-Ed\u201d in the Los Angeles Times from January 16, 2021.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> Baker, Sin\u00e9ad: \u201cHyatt Hotels said it’s taking claims the CPAC stage was inspired by a Nazi rune ‘very seriously’ and called hate symbols \u2018abhorrent\u2019<\/a>.\u201d In: Business Insider, March 1, 2021.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> Belt, Deb: \u201c21 Hate Groups Are Active In Maryland<\/a>.\u201d In: Patch <\/em>from February 23, 2019.<\/p>\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> Mapping Militant Organizations. \u201cAtomwaffen Division<\/a>.\u201d Last modified August 1, 2022. https:\/\/mappingmilitants.org\/node\/338\/<\/p>\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> Wendling, Mike: \u201cBrandon Russell: Leader of neo-Nazi Atomwaffen group charged with Baltimore power grid plot<\/a>.\u201d BBC News from February 6, 2023.<\/p>\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> Wendling, Mike: \u201cBrandon Russell: Leader of neo-Nazi Atomwaffen group charged with Baltimore power grid plot<\/a>.\u201d BBC News from February 6, 2023.<\/p>\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> The platform derived its name from Der St\u00fcrmer, a vile and somewhat pornographic National Socialist newspaper that targeted Jews.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cI unequivocally support the killing of children. I believe that our enemies need such a level of atrocity inflicted upon them and their homes that they are afraid to ever threaten the white race with genocide again. We will not relent until far after their daughters are raped in front of them. We will not relent until far after the eyes of their sons are gouged out before them. We will not relent until the cries of their infants are silenced by boots stomping their brains out onto the pavement.\u201d From a flyer that Auernheimer<\/a> sent to 50,000 computer printers in August 2016.<\/p>\n

[21<\/sup><\/a>]<\/sup><\/a> Children’s author and illustrator Theodor Seuss Geisel (alias Dr. Seuss) took strong positions against the isolationist US political climate as World War II began. In his childhood home German was spoken. He also traveled and studied in Europe. He showed Hitler as a scientist amputating limbs and a bureaucrat giving orders to a devil.<\/p>\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cTrump\u2019s rhetoric in final campaign sprint goes to new dark extremes<\/a>.\u201d CNN<\/em>, December 18, 2023.<\/p>\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> Papenfuss, Mary: \u201cTrump Is ‘Descending Deeper Into Heart Of Darkness,’ Former Mike Pence Aide Warns.<\/a>\u201d In: HUFFPOST<\/em> from November 27, 2022.<\/p>\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> Beeferman, Jason: \u201cTrump defends dictator comments amid NYC soiree filled with MAGA diehards<\/a>.\u201d In: Politico<\/em> from December 10, 2023.<\/p>\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> Cohen, David: \u201cTrump\u2019s \u2018won\u2019t have to vote anymore\u2019 remark didn\u2019t mean anything, Chris Sununu claims<\/a>.\u201d In: Politico from July 28, 2024.<\/p>\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> Collinson, Stephen: \u201cGOP sees divine intervention in Trump\u2019s triumphant return<\/a>.\u201d CNN, July 16, 2024.<\/p>\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Weidhaas, Patrick: \u201cDivine intervention \u2014 In 1944 and in 2024<\/a>.\u201d from July 25, 2024.<\/p>\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Nolfi, Joey: \u201cDonald Trump’s nephew stuns The View audience, claims ex-president told him to let disabled son die<\/a>.\u201d In: Entertainment Weekly from July 30, 2024.<\/p>\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> GIULIA CARBONARO: \u201cWho Is David Linthicum? Suspected Police Killer Held in Baltimore.\u201d In: Newsweek, February 10, 2023. https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/who-david-linthicum-suspected-police-killer-baltimore-1780389<\/p>\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> ADL \u201cAudit of Antisemitic Incidents 2022<\/a>.”<\/p>\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> To better understand tactics that extremists use, the ADL created a H.E.A.T. Map<\/a>\u2122 (Hate, Extremism, Antisemitism, Terrorism), a customizable, interactive map detailing specific incidents of hate, extremism, antisemitism and terrorism.<\/p>\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Belt, Deb: \u201cAntisemitic Incidents Reach Record High In U.S., Maryland.\u201d\u00a0 In: Patch from April 29, 2022. https:\/\/patch.com\/maryland\/across-md\/antisemitic-incidents-reach-record-high-u-s-maryland-report<\/a><\/p>\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cAntisemitism spikes worldwide during Hanukkah, driven by attacks on menorahs<\/a>.\u201d In: Israel National News<\/em> from December 10, 2021.<\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> Belt, Deb: \u201cAntisemitic Incidents Reach Record High In U.S., Maryland.\u201d\u00a0 In: Patch from April 29, 2022. https:\/\/patch.com\/maryland\/across-md\/antisemitic-incidents-reach-record-high-u-s-maryland-report<\/a><\/p>\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cAntisemitism in the US. Massive spike post-Oct. 7 recorded; campus incidents tripled; bomb threats targeting Jewish institutions up 10 times.<\/a>\u201d<\/p>\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> These 339 incidents included 210 harassments, 124 vandalisms, and 5 assaults. How many others went unreported is not known.<\/p>\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cADL Audit Finds Frightening Levels of Antisemitic Incidents in Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia in 2023<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> VerHelst, Megan: \u201cAntisemitic Incidents Triple In MD Amid Nationwide Spike: New Report<\/a>.\u201d In: Patch from April 16, 2024.<\/p>\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cADL Audit Finds Frightening Levels of Antisemitic Incidents in Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia in 2023.\u201d April 16, 2024.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

by Anna Rosmus Anna Rosmus uses archival material and interviews to tell the story of German and German-Jewish heritage in the greater Baltimore area. Quotes without citations are from her conversations and correspondence. This is the third and final post in a three-part series. Click here for “Baltimore: German and German-Jewish Populations Expand the City […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":282,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[320194],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8411","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-from-time-to-time"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/glossen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8411","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/glossen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/glossen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/glossen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/282"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/glossen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8411"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/glossen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8411\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/glossen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8411"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/glossen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8411"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/glossen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8411"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}