{"id":5121,"date":"2021-04-20T11:22:51","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T11:22:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/?page_id=5121"},"modified":"2025-04-10T09:58:02","modified_gmt":"2025-04-10T13:58:02","slug":"watergate","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/course-syllabus\/watergate\/","title":{"rendered":"Watergate"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<h3>Did Richard Nixon&#8217;s achievements outweigh his failures?<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>Brands, Chapter 7:\u00a0 The Triumph of Cynicism, 1968-74<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The Cruelest Season (pp. 159-62)<\/li>\n<li>The Rise of Richard Nixon (pp. 162-66)<\/li>\n<li>The Highest Ground (pp. 166-68)<\/li>\n<li>Means and Ends (pp. 168-71)<\/li>\n<li>From Beijing to Moscow (pp. 171-3)<\/li>\n<li>&#8230; To Paris (pp. 174-5)<\/li>\n<li>Now or Never (pp. 175-80)<\/li>\n<li>It&#8217;s Not the Crime, It&#8217;s the Cover-Up (pp. 180-86)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><strong>Gender Politics and Resistance in the 1970s<\/strong><\/h2>\n<blockquote><p>But despite the movement having spread across the country throughout the 60s and 70s, there were still many demographics of women that were being left behind by this second wave of feminism, including lesbians.\u00a0 &#8212;<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/2022\/04\/21\/5860\/\">Sarah Cayouette-Gluckman, oral history project<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-7.11.54-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-5116\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-7.11.54-AM-1024x433.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-7.11.54-AM-1024x433.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-7.11.54-AM-300x127.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-7.11.54-AM-768x324.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-7.11.54-AM-1536x649.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-7.11.54-AM-500x211.png 500w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-7.11.54-AM.png 1624w\" alt=\"ERA\" width=\"940\" height=\"397\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Timeline<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1960 \/\/ Birth control pill invented<\/li>\n<li>1963 \/\/ Betty Friedan publishes\u00a0<em>The Feminine Mystique<\/em><\/li>\n<li>1966 \/\/ National Organization for Women (NOW) forms<\/li>\n<li>1971 \/\/ Congress send Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to states<\/li>\n<li>1972 \/\/ Gloria Steinem launches Ms. magazine<\/li>\n<li>1973 \/\/ Roe v. Wade decision legalizes first trimester abortions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Discussion Question<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>How did Betty Friedan\u2019s work and the rise of the National Organization for Women (NOW) represent both a continuation and a departure from previous eras of American feminism?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Image Gateway<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_5111\" style=\"width: 950px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-6.59.12-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5111\" class=\"size-large wp-image-5111\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-6.59.12-AM-1024x578.png\" alt=\"Nixon and Kissinger\" width=\"940\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-6.59.12-AM-1024x578.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-6.59.12-AM-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-6.59.12-AM-768x433.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-6.59.12-AM-1536x867.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-6.59.12-AM-500x282.png 500w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-6.59.12-AM.png 1602w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-5111\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_5113\" style=\"width: 950px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-7.02.30-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5113\" class=\"size-large wp-image-5113\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-7.02.30-AM-1024x674.png\" alt=\"Woodward and Bernstein\" width=\"940\" height=\"619\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-7.02.30-AM-1024x674.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-7.02.30-AM-300x198.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-7.02.30-AM-768x506.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-7.02.30-AM-455x300.png 455w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-20-at-7.02.30-AM.png 1336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-5113\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, Washington Post<\/p><\/div>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>Featured Video<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/video\/embed?id=49116093\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>End of Vietnam Conflict<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>1970 \/\/ Invasion of Cambodia and Kent State protests<\/li>\n<li>1971 \/\/ Pentagon Papers &amp;\u00a0trial of Lt. William Calley (My Lai)<\/li>\n<li>1972 \/\/ China opening, Easter offensive, Detente (SALT \/ ABM)<\/li>\n<li>1973 \/\/ Paris peace accords\u00a0 (Vietnam agreement)<\/li>\n<li>1975 \/\/ Fall of Saigon<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>End of Vietnam War<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mylaimassacre3161968.weebly.com\/\"><strong>Understanding My Lai <\/strong><\/a>(From Maria Villotti&#8217;s website):<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-12-at-11.34.57-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-5030\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-12-at-11.34.57-PM-300x282.png\" alt=\"Calley\" width=\"300\" height=\"282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-12-at-11.34.57-PM-300x282.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-12-at-11.34.57-PM-768x723.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-12-at-11.34.57-PM-319x300.png 319w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-12-at-11.34.57-PM.png 814w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>On March 16, 1968, American soldiers entered the Vietnamese hamlet known as My Lai expecting to enter into a fire fight with members of the Viet Cong&#8217;s 48th Local Force Battalion. However, they found no Viet Cong and instead killed and sometimes raped somewhere between 300 and 500 Vietnamese civilians. The story would remain largely unknown until one soldier began to speak out a year later in 1969&#8230;As a result of his trial, Lieutenant William Calley was found guilty on March 29, 1971, of murdering at least 22 Vietnamese civilians (down from the original charge of 109) three years earlier at My Lai.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/2016\/05\/06\/a-new-campus-culture-anti-war-movement-and-education-reform-at-dickinson-college\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-4105\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-05-at-8.36.10-AM-1024x1017.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-05-at-8.36.10-AM-1024x1017.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-05-at-8.36.10-AM-300x298.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-05-at-8.36.10-AM-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-05-at-8.36.10-AM-768x763.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-05-at-8.36.10-AM-302x300.png 302w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-05-at-8.36.10-AM.png 1188w\" alt=\"Protest\" width=\"940\" height=\"934\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4105\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-4105\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Discussion Question<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"wp-caption-text\">Why were Dickinson students protesting US foreign policy outside of Denny Hall in May 1970?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Violence in the late 1960s<\/h3>\n<h3><strong>April 1968<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.04.44-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-5038\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.04.44-AM-1024x959.png\" alt=\"MLK\" width=\"940\" height=\"880\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.04.44-AM-1024x959.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.04.44-AM-300x281.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.04.44-AM-768x719.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.04.44-AM-320x300.png 320w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.04.44-AM.png 1044w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Here is a video of Kennedy&#8217;s speech in Indianapolis on April 4, 1968, where he revealed the sad news of Martin Luther King&#8217;s killing to a stunned crowd.\u00a0 Kennedy himself was murdered at the beginning of June.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/A2kWIa8wSC0?si=xoy55bKM9qaGJHD8\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>August 1968<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_5039\" style=\"width: 950px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.06.22-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5039\" class=\"size-large wp-image-5039\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.06.22-AM-1024x590.png\" alt=\"DNC\" width=\"940\" height=\"542\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.06.22-AM-1024x590.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.06.22-AM-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.06.22-AM-768x443.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.06.22-AM-500x288.png 500w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.06.22-AM.png 1218w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-5039\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protestors and police clash outside Democratic National Convention in Chicago<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Politics of the 1ate 1960s<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.livingroomcandidate.org\/commercials\/1968\/crime\">Richard Nixon (Rep), &#8220;Crime&#8221; (1968)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-211pinsker\/files\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-10-at-7.36.56-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-2251\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-211pinsker\/files\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-10-at-7.36.56-AM-300x267.png\" alt=\"Crime\" width=\"400\" height=\"356\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<p>The Nixon campaign was not the only one playing to the fears and resentments of American voters in 1968.\u00a0 Independent candidate and Alabama governor George Wallace offered his own version of right-wing populism (&#8220;law and order&#8221;) to help stoke support.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.livingroomcandidate.org\/commercials\/1968\/businglaw-and-order\">George Wallace, (Ind) &#8220;Law and Order&#8221; (1968)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.16.16-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-5042\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.16.16-AM-300x253.png\" alt=\"Wallace ad\" width=\"300\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.16.16-AM-300x253.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.16.16-AM-768x647.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.16.16-AM-356x300.png 356w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-13-at-7.16.16-AM.png 862w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Did Richard Nixon&#8217;s achievements outweigh his failures? Brands, Chapter 7:\u00a0 The Triumph of Cynicism, 1968-74 The Cruelest Season (pp. 159-62) The Rise of Richard Nixon (pp. 162-66) The Highest Ground (pp. 166-68) Means and Ends (pp. 168-71) From Beijing to Moscow (pp. 171-3) &#8230; To Paris (pp. 174-5) Now or Never (pp. 175-80) It&#8217;s Not [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":373,"featured_media":0,"parent":13,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-5121","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5121","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/373"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5121"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5121\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}