{"id":5517,"date":"2022-01-14T20:01:04","date_gmt":"2022-01-14T20:01:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/?page_id=5517"},"modified":"2025-02-13T10:23:06","modified_gmt":"2025-02-13T15:23:06","slug":"jim-crow","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/course-syllabus\/jim-crow\/","title":{"rendered":"Jim Crow"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<h3>Was Dickinson College a progressive institution in the late nineteenth century?<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3><strong>Image Gateway<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2015\/01\/jimcrow.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-249 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2015\/01\/jimcrow.jpg\" alt=\"Jim Crow\" width=\"640\" height=\"730\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2015\/01\/jimcrow.jpg 640w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2015\/01\/jimcrow-263x300.jpg 263w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2017\/01\/Nov.-20th-Honoress-square.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-5529\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2017\/01\/Nov.-20th-Honoress-square-982x1024.png\" alt=\"Slavery\" width=\"940\" height=\"980\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2017\/01\/Nov.-20th-Honoress-square-982x1024.png 982w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2017\/01\/Nov.-20th-Honoress-square-288x300.png 288w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2017\/01\/Nov.-20th-Honoress-square-768x801.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2017\/01\/Nov.-20th-Honoress-square.png 1248w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>For background information on the Jim Crow South, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ferris.edu\/HTMLS\/news\/jimcrow\/origins.htm\">Origins of Jim Crow (Ferris State)<\/a> and for the &#8220;Jim Crow North,&#8221; see <a href=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/slavery\/\">Dickinson &amp; Slavery<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-13-at-10.21.59-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7485\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-13-at-10.21.59-AM.png\" alt=\"Color line\" width=\"1526\" height=\"1464\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-13-at-10.21.59-AM.png 1526w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-13-at-10.21.59-AM-300x288.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-13-at-10.21.59-AM-1024x982.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-13-at-10.21.59-AM-768x737.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-13-at-10.21.59-AM-900x863.png 900w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-13-at-10.21.59-AM-1280x1228.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1526px) 100vw, 1526px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Not long after the end of Reconstruction in the South, civil rights reformers faced a new challenge &#8211;the rise of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.digitalhistory.uh.edu\/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&amp;psid=3180\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cJim Crow,\u201d<\/a> or the consolidation of discriminatory laws across the South that created legal segregation of the races.\u00a0 Figures like Frederick Douglass battled fiercely to overturn the spread of segregation and inequality.\u00a0 Douglass was a celebrated figure, but he died in 1895 worried deeply about America&#8217;s future, blaming the problem in many ways on its forgetfulness about the past &#8211;specifically the meaning of Civil War and emancipation. It was into this troubled climate that ex-slave <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/up-from-slavery\/\">Booker T. Washington<\/a> gained renown as the leader of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/tuin\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tuskegee Institute<\/a>, a vocational school for African Americans in central Alabama. \u00a0Washington was determined to promote self-made black people, who could thrive in American society by dint of their own hard work and positive thinking. \u00a0He was adamant about that formula, sometimes to the point of alienating fellow civil rights reformers. \u00a0He claimed almost unbelievably in his memoir, for example, that\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bartleby.com\/1004\/11.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cin all my contact with the white people of the South I have never received a single personal insult.\u201d<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0But then, most famously, he delivered a popular speech at the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.georgiaencyclopedia.org\/articles\/history-archaeology\/cotton-expositions-atlanta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1895 Atlanta Cotton States and International\u00a0\u00a0Exposition<\/a>\u00a0that urged blacks to\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bartleby.com\/1004\/14.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cCast down your bucket where you are,\u201d<\/a> or in other words, to resist migration and political agitation and instead to focus on improving their lives in the South through economic self-sufficiency. \u00a0It was a message that far different from Douglass&#8217;s and their competing views largely defined the spectrum of civil rights debates in the Jim Crow era.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Frederick Douglass (1818 \u2013 1895)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.16.33-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-4809\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.16.33-AM-1024x403.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.16.33-AM-1024x403.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.16.33-AM-300x118.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.16.33-AM-768x302.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.16.33-AM-500x197.png 500w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.16.33-AM.png 1190w\" alt=\"Douglass\" width=\"940\" height=\"370\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u201cSlavery is not abolished until the black man has the ballot, or [while] any discrimination exists between white and black at the South.\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.whatitmeanstobeamerican.org\/ideas\/did-the-end-of-the-civil-war-mean-the-end-of-slavery\/\">Frederick Douglass, May 9, 1865<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhile I am not indifferent to the claims of generous forgetfulness, but whatever else I may forget, I shall never forget the difference between those who fought for liberty and those who fought for slavery; between those who fought to save the Republic and those who fought to destroy it.\u201d\u00a0 (Frederick Douglass, 1894)<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9TXg3vyarqg\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Emancipation Memorial (April 1876)<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.19.17-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-4811\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.19.17-AM-1024x226.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.19.17-AM-1024x226.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.19.17-AM-300x66.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.19.17-AM-768x170.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.19.17-AM-1536x339.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.19.17-AM-500x110.png 500w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.19.17-AM.png 1622w\" alt=\"Two views\" width=\"940\" height=\"207\" \/><\/a><strong>Discussion Question<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Why did Douglass&#8217;s view of Lincoln appear to have to changed so dramatically in the years following Lincoln&#8217;s assassination?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-02-at-7.30.35-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-4826\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-02-at-7.30.35-AM-1024x543.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-02-at-7.30.35-AM-1024x543.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-02-at-7.30.35-AM-300x159.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-02-at-7.30.35-AM-768x407.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-02-at-7.30.35-AM-1536x814.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-02-at-7.30.35-AM-500x265.png 500w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-02-at-7.30.35-AM.png 1544w\" alt=\"Memorial\" width=\"940\" height=\"498\" \/><\/a><strong>Additional resources<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jonathan W. White and Scott Sandage,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/what-frederick-douglass-had-say-about-monuments-180975225\/\">\u201cWhat Frederick Douglass Had to Say About Monuments,\u201d<\/a>\u00a0<em>Smithsonian,\u00a0<\/em>June 30, 2020<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Handouts<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2010\/09\/Handout-Race-and-Reunion-1.pdf\">Handout &#8211;Race and Reunion<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Was Dickinson College a progressive institution in the late nineteenth century? Image Gateway For background information on the Jim Crow South, see Origins of Jim Crow (Ferris State) and for the &#8220;Jim Crow North,&#8221; see Dickinson &amp; Slavery &nbsp; Overview Not long after the end of Reconstruction in the South, civil rights reformers faced a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":373,"featured_media":0,"parent":13,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-5517","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5517","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/373"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5517"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5517\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5517"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}