{"id":5542,"date":"2022-01-16T14:56:10","date_gmt":"2022-01-16T14:56:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/?page_id=5542"},"modified":"2023-08-31T12:35:22","modified_gmt":"2023-08-31T12:35:22","slug":"second-founding","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/course-syllabus\/second-founding\/","title":{"rendered":"Second Founding"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<h3>What was the most significant constitutional change of the Reconstruction era?<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/text\/15-reconstruction\/\"><strong>American Yawp, Chapter 15:\u00a0 Reconstruction<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/text\/15-reconstruction\/#I_Introduction\">I. Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/text\/15-reconstruction\/#II_Politics_of_Reconstruction\">II. Politics of Reconstruction<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/text\/15-reconstruction\/#III_The_Meaning_of_Black_Freedom\">III. The Meaning of Black Freedom<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/text\/15-reconstruction\/#IV_Reconstruction_and_Women\">IV. Reconstruction and Women<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/text\/15-reconstruction\/#V_Racial_Violence_in_Reconstruction\">V. Racial Violence in Reconstruction<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/text\/15-reconstruction\/#VI_Economic_Development_during_the_Civil_War_and_Reconstruction\">VI. Economic Development during the Civil War and Reconstruction<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/text\/15-reconstruction\/#VII_The_End_of_Reconstruction\">VII. The End of Reconstruction<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/text\/15-reconstruction\/#VIII_Conclusion\">VIII. Conclusion<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/text\/15-reconstruction\/#IXPrimary_Sources\">IX.\u00a0Primary Sources<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/text\/15-reconstruction\/#X_Reference_Material\">X. Reference Material<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><b>Image Gateway<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/L2q4hrk5nkA\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4828 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-02-at-7.43.51-AM-1024x527.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-02-at-7.43.51-AM-1024x527.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-02-at-7.43.51-AM-300x155.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-02-at-7.43.51-AM-768x396.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-02-at-7.43.51-AM-500x258.png 500w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-02-at-7.43.51-AM.png 1324w\" alt=\"Lincoln movie\" width=\"940\" height=\"484\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For more information on the &#8220;Lincoln&#8221; movie, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/emancipation\/spielberg\/\">Unofficial Teacher&#8217;s Guide to Spielberg&#8217;s Lincoln<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Fort Sumter, April 14, 1865<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/08\/Screen-Shot-2023-08-31-at-8.30.23-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6835 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/08\/Screen-Shot-2023-08-31-at-8.30.23-AM.png\" alt=\"Sumter wide\" width=\"1214\" height=\"1248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/08\/Screen-Shot-2023-08-31-at-8.30.23-AM.png 1214w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/08\/Screen-Shot-2023-08-31-at-8.30.23-AM-292x300.png 292w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/08\/Screen-Shot-2023-08-31-at-8.30.23-AM-996x1024.png 996w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/08\/Screen-Shot-2023-08-31-at-8.30.23-AM-768x790.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/08\/Screen-Shot-2023-08-31-at-8.30.23-AM-900x925.png 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1214px) 100vw, 1214px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/08\/Screen-Shot-2023-08-31-at-8.30.06-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6836\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/08\/Screen-Shot-2023-08-31-at-8.30.06-AM.png\" alt=\"Sumter detail\" width=\"1284\" height=\"782\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/08\/Screen-Shot-2023-08-31-at-8.30.06-AM.png 1284w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/08\/Screen-Shot-2023-08-31-at-8.30.06-AM-300x183.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/08\/Screen-Shot-2023-08-31-at-8.30.06-AM-1024x624.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/08\/Screen-Shot-2023-08-31-at-8.30.06-AM-768x468.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/08\/Screen-Shot-2023-08-31-at-8.30.06-AM-900x548.png 900w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/08\/Screen-Shot-2023-08-31-at-8.30.06-AM-1280x780.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1284px) 100vw, 1284px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/2016\/01\/22\/end-of-civil-war\/\">End of Civil War<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Discussion Question<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Would Lincoln have been more likely to align with the radicals or the conservatives if he had lived during the period of post-war Reconstruction?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Reconstructed Constitution<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.55.47-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4815 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.55.47-AM-1024x373.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.55.47-AM-1024x373.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.55.47-AM-300x109.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.55.47-AM-768x279.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.55.47-AM-1536x559.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.55.47-AM-500x182.png 500w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-10.55.47-AM.png 1572w\" alt=\"Reframers\" width=\"940\" height=\"342\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Thirteenth Amendment (JAN 1865 \/ DEC 1865)\u00a0<\/strong><strong><em>Section 1.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.<\/p>\n<p><em>ORIGINS:\u00a0 Northwest Ordinance (1787)\u00a0<\/em><em>Art. 6:\u00a0 There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Fourteenth Amendment (1866 \/ 1868)\u00a0<\/strong><strong><em>Section 1.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.<\/p>\n<p><em>ORIGINS:\u00a0 Civil Rights Act of 1866\u00a0<\/em><em>SEC. 1:\u00a0 That all persons born in the United States and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed, are hereby declared to be citizens of the United States;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/b0A8F28ZjKc\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Fifteenth Amendment (1869 \/ 1870)\u00a0<\/strong><strong><em>Section 1.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.<\/p>\n<p><em>ORIGINS:\u00a0 Reconstruction Act (1867)\u00a0<\/em><i>SEC. 5: And be it further enacted,<\/i>\u00a0<em>That when the people of any one of said rebel States shall have formed a constitution of government in conformity with the Constitution of the United States in all respects, framed by a convention of delegates elected by the male citizens of said State, twenty-one years old and upward, of whatever race, color, or previous condition<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5525\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2017\/01\/First-Vote.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5525\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2017\/01\/First-Vote-938x1024.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 538px) 100vw, 538px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2017\/01\/First-Vote-938x1024.png 938w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2017\/01\/First-Vote-275x300.png 275w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2017\/01\/First-Vote-768x838.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2017\/01\/First-Vote.png 1094w\" alt=\"Waud\" width=\"538\" height=\"587\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5525\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-5525\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u201cFirst Vote\u201d by Alfred Waud for Harpers Weekly, Nov. 17, 1867<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>American Equal Rights Association (1866-1869)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>1863 \u2013Women\u2019s Loyal National League (WLNL) founded<\/li>\n<li>1864 \u2013WLNL presents abolition amendment petitions to Congress<\/li>\n<li>1865 \u2013American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) reorganizes with Wendell Phillips as leader<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>\u201cSlavery is not abolished until the black man has the ballot, or [while] any discrimination exists between white and black at the South.\u201d &#8212;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.zocalopublicsquare.org\/2015\/04\/14\/did-the-end-of-the-civil-war-mean-the-end-of-slavery\/ideas\/nexus\/\">Frederick Douglass, 1865<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1866 \u2013Merger of WLNL and AASA as American Equal Rights Association (AERA)<\/li>\n<li>1869 \u2013AERA dissolves amid acrimony over Fifteenth Amendment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p><em>&#8220;We are all bound up together in one great bundle of humanity, and society cannot trample on the weakest and feeblest of its members without receiving the curse in its own soul.&#8221; &#8212;<a href=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/texts\/frances-harper-we-are-all-bound-up-together-1866\/\">Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, 1866<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wevideo.com\/view\/2749686835\" width=\"852\" height=\"479\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>For more on Frances Harper, see\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fewharper.weebly.com\/\">STANZAS AND SPEECHES<\/a>\u00a0(student project by Forbes, \u201925)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Featured Supreme Court Decisions<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Civil Rights Cases or US v. Stanley (1883):\u00a0<\/strong>\u201cWhen a man has emerged from slavery, and, by the aid of beneficent legislation, has shaken off the inseparable concomitants of that state, there must be some stage in the progress of his elevation when he takes the rank of a mere citizen and ceases to be the special favorite of the laws, and when his rights as a citizen or a man are to be protected in the ordinary modes by which other men\u2019s rights are protected.\u201d\u00a0<em>(Majority opinion by Justice Joseph Bradley)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\n<div id=\"attachment_5605\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.05.25-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5605\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-5605\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.05.25-AM-300x248.png\" alt=\"Harlan\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.05.25-AM-300x248.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.05.25-AM-1024x845.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.05.25-AM-768x634.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.05.25-AM-363x300.png 363w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.05.25-AM.png 1238w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-5605\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Justice John Marshall Harlan<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Plessy v. Ferguson (1896):\u00a0<\/strong>\u201cThe white race deems itself to be the dominant race in this country.\u00a0 And so it is, in prestige, in achievements, in education, in wealth, and in power\u2026. But in the view of the Constitution, in the eye of the law, there is in this country no superior, dominant, ruling class of citizens.\u00a0 There is no caste here.\u00a0 Our Constitution is color-blind and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens.\u00a0 In respect of civil rights, all citizens are equal before the law.\u201d\u00a0<em>(Dissent by Justice John Marshall Harlan)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Handouts<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2010\/09\/Handout-Reconstructing-Constitution-3.pdf\">Handout &#8211;Reconstructing Constitution<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What was the most significant constitutional change of the Reconstruction era? American Yawp, Chapter 15:\u00a0 Reconstruction I. Introduction II. Politics of Reconstruction III. The Meaning of Black Freedom IV. Reconstruction and Women V. Racial Violence in Reconstruction VI. Economic Development during the Civil War and Reconstruction VII. The End of Reconstruction VIII. Conclusion IX.\u00a0Primary Sources [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":373,"featured_media":0,"parent":13,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-5542","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5542","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/373"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5542"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5542\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5542"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}