{"id":5590,"date":"2022-01-16T19:23:07","date_gmt":"2022-01-16T19:23:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/?page_id=5590"},"modified":"2026-10-12T20:06:26","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T00:06:26","slug":"world-war-i","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/course-syllabus\/world-war-i\/","title":{"rendered":"World War I"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/textbook\/19-world-war-i-and-its-aftermath\/\"><strong style=\"font-size: 16px;\">American Yawp, Chapter 19: World War I and Its Aftermath<\/strong><\/a><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/textbook\/19-world-war-i-and-its-aftermath\/#I_Introduction\">I. Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/textbook\/19-world-war-i-and-its-aftermath\/#II_Prelude_to_War\">II. Prelude to War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/textbook\/19-world-war-i-and-its-aftermath\/#III_The_US_and_Mexico\">III: The US and Mexico<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/textbook\/19-world-war-i-and-its-aftermath\/#IV_War_Spreads_through_Europe\">IV. War Spreads through Europe<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/textbook\/19-world-war-i-and-its-aftermath\/#V_America_Enters_the_War\">V. America Enters the War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/textbook\/19-world-war-i-and-its-aftermath\/#VI_On_the_Homefront\">VI. On the Homefront<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/textbook\/19-world-war-i-and-its-aftermath\/#VII_Before_the_Armistice\">VII. Before the Armistice<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/textbook\/19-world-war-i-and-its-aftermath\/#VIII_The_War_and_the_Influenza_Pandemic\">VIII. The War and the Influenza Pandemic<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/textbook\/19-world-war-i-and-its-aftermath\/#IX_The_Fourteen_Points_and_the_League_of_Nations\">IX. The Fourteen Points and the League of Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/textbook\/19-world-war-i-and-its-aftermath\/#X_Aftermath_of_World_War_I\">X. Aftermath of World War I<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/textbook\/19-world-war-i-and-its-aftermath\/#XI_Conclusion\">XI. Conclusion<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/textbook\/19-world-war-i-and-its-aftermath\/#XII_Reference_Material\">XII. Reference Material<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Image Gateway<\/h3>\n<p>How do these images illustrate the landscape of homefront opinion during the First World War?<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_793\" style=\"width: 734px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-military\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-22-at-7.47.44-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-793\" class=\"size-full wp-image-793\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-military\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-22-at-7.47.44-AM.png\" alt=\"Minor\" width=\"724\" height=\"896\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-793\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Perfect Soldier cartoon, by Robert Minor in <em>The Masses<\/em> (1916)<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_794\" style=\"width: 760px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-military\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-22-at-7.48.27-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-794\" class=\"size-full wp-image-794\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-military\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-22-at-7.48.27-AM.png\" alt=\"Uncle Sam\" width=\"750\" height=\"998\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-794\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Uncle Sam recruiting poster, by James Montgomery Flagg, 1917<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>President Woodrow Wilson and Congress<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-16-at-2.35.49-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5594\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-16-at-2.35.49-PM-1024x652.png\" alt=\"1917\" width=\"740\" height=\"471\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-16-at-2.35.49-PM-1024x652.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-16-at-2.35.49-PM-300x191.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-16-at-2.35.49-PM-768x489.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-16-at-2.35.49-PM-1536x977.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-16-at-2.35.49-PM-471x300.png 471w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-16-at-2.35.49-PM.png 1628w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/w6-emdsdtek\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"entry-content cf\">\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>During the First World War and its aftermath, American women finally gained the right to vote and American men went abroad to fight in the First World War. \u00a0Meanwhile, the rapid pace of technological and industrial change only seemed to be accelerating. \u00a0No single figure can capture this turbulent period, but any serious student of the age must come to terms with President Woodrow Wilson, the first southerner elected to the White House since the Civil War era, and arguably the strongest national executive since Lincoln. \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.digitalhistory.uh.edu\/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&amp;psid=3146\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Wilson administration<\/a>\u00a0spearheaded an avalanche of progressive domestic legislation and yet his presidency came to be defined by foreign affairs. \u00a0Wilson struggled to define the American role in the world, first in places such as Mexico and Latin America, and then in the grave European conflict that became World War I. \u00a0Wilson was a progressive and natural reformer, but he was ambivalent about women\u2019s rights and found himself embroiled in a series of controversies as suffragists such as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/bepa\/index.htm\">Alice Paul and her National Woman\u2019s Party<\/a>\u00a0used the backdrop of US involvement in the First World War to press for universal voting rights. \u00a0The clash of wills was immense, but ultimately Paul and her group, and the much larger\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/EBchecked\/topic\/404319\/National-American-Woman-Suffrage-Association-NAWSA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)<\/a>, led by Carrie Chapman Catt, prevailed and secured passage of the proposed voting rights amendment from Congress in June 1919, and ratified by the states about a year later, in August 1920. \u00a0That was also a period\u00a0marked by a ferocious battle of the Treaty of Versailles, which had ended the First World War and established a framework for a new League of Nations. \u00a0Wilson helped write that treaty and pressed vigorously for it, even at the cost of his own health, but ultimately,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/learning.blogs.nytimes.com\/2012\/03\/19\/march-19-1920-senate-rejects-treaty-of-versailles-for-second-and-final-time\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the US Senate rejected the treaty in 1919 and again in March 1920<\/a>. \u00a0The US never joined the League of Nations, but it was intimately involved in European and global affairs from that point forward.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>US Entry into World War I<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>European imperial scramble, militarization, and alliance system<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Guns of August&#8221; and 1914 assassination of Austro-Hungarian royal heirs<\/li>\n<li>Trench warfare in France and U-boat warfare in the Atlantic Ocean<\/li>\n<li>US interventionism in Mexico and Zimmerman telegram<\/li>\n<li>April 1917:\u00a0 Wilson asks for declaration of war:\u00a0 &#8220;to make the world safe for democracy&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Student-produced map for Coming of WWI (Imran Hasan)<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=1MClwBl51o5wtatUXjo1ECEUF1g4\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/02\/Screen-Shot-2023-02-23-at-7.34.13-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-6479\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/02\/Screen-Shot-2023-02-23-at-7.34.13-AM-199x300.png\" alt=\"Lavoye\" width=\"199\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/02\/Screen-Shot-2023-02-23-at-7.34.13-AM-199x300.png 199w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/02\/Screen-Shot-2023-02-23-at-7.34.13-AM.png 468w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 199px) 100vw, 199px\" \/><\/a>Lutiant (Lavoye) Van Wert describes Spanish Flu pandemic<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/reader\/21-world-war-i\/lutiant-van-wert-describes-the-1918-flu-pandemic-1918\/\">Letter to friends at Haskell from 1918<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8220;The first one that died sure unnerved me\u2013I had to go to the nurses\u2019 quarters and cry it out. The other three were not so bad. Really, Louise, Orderlies carried the dead soldiers out on stretchers at the rate of two every three hours for the first two days were there. Two German spies, posing as doctors, were caught giving these Influenza germs to the soldiers and they were shot last Saturday at sunrise. It is such a horrible thing, it is hard to believe, and yet such things happen almost every day in Washington.&#8221;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Treaty of Versailles Debate (1919-20)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div id=\"attachment_5603\" style=\"width: 227px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.03.28-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5603\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-5603\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.03.28-AM-217x300.png\" alt=\"Lodge\" width=\"217\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.03.28-AM-217x300.png 217w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.03.28-AM-741x1024.png 741w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.03.28-AM-768x1061.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.03.28-AM.png 928w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 217px) 100vw, 217px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-5603\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Wilsonians (Democratic senators)<\/li>\n<li>Reservationists (Republicans led by Lodge)<\/li>\n<li>Irreconciliables (Republican isolationists \/ progressives)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Timeline\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>January 1918:\u00a0 Wilson&#8217;s Fourteen Points<\/li>\n<li>November 1918:\u00a0 Armistice<\/li>\n<li>January to June 1919:\u00a0 Treaty of Versailles negotiations<\/li>\n<li>Summer 1919:\u00a0 Lodge hearings<\/li>\n<li>October 1919:\u00a0 Wilson suffers stroke in Colorado<\/li>\n<li>November 1919:\u00a0 Senate rejects treaty<\/li>\n<li>March 1920: Treaty narrowly misses two-third threshold<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Discussion Questions<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lodge and Wilson were both internationalists.\u00a0 So why did they destroy the greatest accomplishment of American internationalism to that point in time?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<footer class=\"entry-utility-page cf\"><\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>American Yawp, Chapter 19: World War I and Its Aftermath I. Introduction II. Prelude to War III: The US and Mexico IV. War Spreads through Europe V. America Enters the War VI. On the Homefront VII. Before the Armistice VIII. The War and the Influenza Pandemic IX. The Fourteen Points and the League of Nations [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":373,"featured_media":0,"parent":13,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-5590","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/373"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5590"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8361,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5590\/revisions\/8361"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}