{"id":5650,"date":"2022-01-21T15:20:19","date_gmt":"2022-01-21T15:20:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/?page_id=5650"},"modified":"2023-11-02T12:45:02","modified_gmt":"2023-11-02T12:45:02","slug":"civil-rights","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/course-syllabus\/civil-rights\/","title":{"rendered":"Civil Rights"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<h3>Who deserves the most credit for achieving civil rights reforms in the mid-1960s?<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>Brands, Chapter 5:\u00a0 Abraham Lincoln Walks at Midnight (1961-65)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The New Frontiersmen (pp. 100-03)<\/li>\n<li>To the Brink (pp. 103-08)<\/li>\n<li>Dreams of a Better Day (pp. 108-14)<\/li>\n<li>Lyndon Johnson&#8217;s Stetson (pp. 115-18)<\/li>\n<li>Free at Last? (pp. 118-22)<\/li>\n<li>A Greater Society (pp. 122-27)<\/li>\n<li>Crossing the Bridge (pp. 127-30)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Image Gateway<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/03\/Screen-Shot-2022-03-28-at-7.54.45-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-5788\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/03\/Screen-Shot-2022-03-28-at-7.54.45-PM-1024x627.png\" alt=\"Civil Rights\" width=\"940\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/03\/Screen-Shot-2022-03-28-at-7.54.45-PM-1024x627.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/03\/Screen-Shot-2022-03-28-at-7.54.45-PM-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/03\/Screen-Shot-2022-03-28-at-7.54.45-PM-768x471.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/03\/Screen-Shot-2022-03-28-at-7.54.45-PM-1536x941.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/03\/Screen-Shot-2022-03-28-at-7.54.45-PM-490x300.png 490w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/03\/Screen-Shot-2022-03-28-at-7.54.45-PM.png 1632w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>H.W. Brands covers the rise of the modern civil rights movement across two chapters in his book, <em>American Dreams. <\/em>In chapter 3, he describes how the\u00a01950s marked the resurgence of civil rights protests for the roughly 17 million American blacks who still endured Jim Crow in the South or faced other forms of persistent discrimination in the North. \u00a0Brands illustrates the post-war civil rights movement by focusing on the impact of the two monumental Supreme Court decisions in <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-404pinsker\/2010\/11\/17\/massive-resistance-to-brown-and-brown-ii\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the 1954 and 1955 Brown cases<\/a>, and also on the <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-404pinsker\/2010\/11\/17\/gayle-v-browder-1956-and-the-montgomery-bus-boycott\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1955-6 Montgomery Bus Boycott<\/a>.\u00a0 In chapter 4, he continues the story in the early 1960s, examining the grassroots movement that Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. helped build in the aftermath of the bus boycott and how the multi-dimensional confrontation in the Kennedy-Johnson era ultimately led to the passage of the landmark 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Cuban Missile Crisis and the Evolving Cold War (1962)<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2010\/11\/jfk.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-150 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2010\/11\/jfk-300x195.jpg\" alt=\"JFK\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2010\/11\/jfk-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2010\/11\/jfk.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>John F. Kennedy entered the White House with his young family\u00a0in January 1961. He was the youngest man elected president of the United States, and the only Catholic so far.\u00a0 He only served for about three years, or a thousand days, but his legacy remains among the most widely discussed and debated. H.W. Brands focuses on two episodes more than any other: the Cuban Missile Crisis and the civil rights protests that escalated dramatically in the early 1960s. \u00a0How would you assess Kennedy\u2019s leadership in those pivotal areas?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cThirteen Days\u201d (2001)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yt8SBlx9P9I\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3610\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-16-at-8.32.29-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3610\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-16-at-8.32.29-AM.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 644px) 100vw, 644px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-16-at-8.32.29-AM.png 644w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-16-at-8.32.29-AM-196x300.png 196w\" alt=\"Marker\" width=\"644\" height=\"988\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3610\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-3610\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cuban marker commemorating 1962 crisis (Courtesy of Bob Rains)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3608\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2019\/04\/20190315_150615.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-3608\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2019\/04\/20190315_150615-1024x498.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2019\/04\/20190315_150615-1024x498.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2019\/04\/20190315_150615-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2019\/04\/20190315_150615-768x373.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2019\/04\/20190315_150615-500x243.jpg 500w\" alt=\"Remains\" width=\"940\" height=\"457\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3608\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-3608\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Remains of downed U2 plane (courtesy of Bob Rains)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3><strong>Understanding LBJ and the Great Society<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Civil Rights (1964) and Voting Rights (1965)<\/li>\n<li>War on Poverty programs (1964)<\/li>\n<li>Elementary and Secondary Education (1965)<\/li>\n<li>Immigration Reform (1965)<\/li>\n<li>Medicare and Medicaid (1965)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.livingroomcandidate.org\/commercials\/1964\">See the notorious 1964 &#8220;Daisy Girl&#8221; campaign commercial<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"gallery-1\" class=\"gallery galleryid-5011 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-large\">\n<dl class=\"gallery-item\">\n<dt class=\"gallery-icon landscape\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/course-syllabus\/1960s\/screen-shot-2021-04-06-at-7-34-19-am\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-06-at-7.34.19-AM-1024x678.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-06-at-7.34.19-AM-1024x678.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-06-at-7.34.19-AM-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-06-at-7.34.19-AM-768x508.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-06-at-7.34.19-AM-453x300.png 453w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-06-at-7.34.19-AM.png 1148w\" alt=\"LBJ\" width=\"940\" height=\"622\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5016\" \/><\/a><\/dt>\n<dd id=\"gallery-1-5016\" class=\"wp-caption-text gallery-caption\">MLK and LBJ<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl class=\"gallery-item\">\n<dt class=\"gallery-icon portrait\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/course-syllabus\/1960s\/screen-shot-2021-04-06-at-7-34-05-am\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-06-at-7.34.05-AM.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 654px) 100vw, 654px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-06-at-7.34.05-AM.png 654w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-06-at-7.34.05-AM-259x300.png 259w\" alt=\"LBJ and Russell\" width=\"654\" height=\"758\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5018\" \/><\/a><\/dt>\n<dd id=\"gallery-1-5018\" class=\"wp-caption-text gallery-caption\">LBJ and Richard Russell<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>CASE STUDY:\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/2021\/05\/10\/a-snapshot-of-dickinson-in-the-1960s-zoom-interview-with-ms-judy-rogers\/\">CARLISLE IN THE 1960s<\/a><\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_6859\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/11\/CORE-protest-in-Carlisle.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6859\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-6859\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/11\/CORE-protest-in-Carlisle-300x281.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/11\/CORE-protest-in-Carlisle-300x281.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2023\/11\/CORE-protest-in-Carlisle.png 444w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-6859\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Dickinsonian<\/em>, December 11, 1964<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em><strong>From Amanda Sowah&#8217;s oral history project: <\/strong><\/em>&#8220;There were some individuals on campus that were interested in the Civil Rights movement. They came together and formed a local chapter on the Congress of Racial Equity (CORE), another student run organization that aimed to fight racism in local spaces and on national platforms. Ms. Rogers remembers that \u201cTen or fifteen of us who were interested in what was going on down south. We formed a CORE chapter, and we were practicing.\u201d[12] CORE worked in the local community, working with landlords to ensure that they were following integration laws and focusing on small businesses like the Winkleman\u2019s barbershop. While Ms. Rogers was part of starting the organization, she was overwhelmed and uncomfortable with what she had to deal with as a protestor. She explains: \u201cI don\u2019t want the white folks calling me names and whatnot. And I\u2019m not in the cell.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2><strong>CASE STUDY:\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/2015\/05\/21\/philadelphias-struggles-to-integrate-and-the-rise-of\/\">GIRARD COLLEGE IN THE 1960s<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_1150\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2015\/04\/FullSizeRender.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1150\" class=\"wp-image-1150 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2015\/04\/FullSizeRender-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"John Ferry (Left) with his brother Paul Ferry, at Paul's graduation from Girard in 1965.\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2015\/04\/FullSizeRender-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2015\/04\/FullSizeRender-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2015\/04\/FullSizeRender-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2015\/04\/FullSizeRender.jpg 1839w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1150\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Ferry (Left) with his brother Paul Ferry, at Paul&#8217;s graduation from Girard in 1965.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"s1\"><em><strong>From Matthew Ferry&#8217;s oral history project:<\/strong><\/em> &#8216;&#8221;For residents of North Philadelphia, Girard\u2019s wall was a symbol of exclusion, inequality, and racism. Behind these walls Ferry spent eight years of his life until he graduated in the spring of 1969. Reflecting on his youth and the city\u2019s struggles to integrate, Ferry vividly recalls how West Philadelphia changed from when he \u201cwas born\u2013from all white, to all black,\u201d and the gang violence and protests that were prevalent just beyond Girard\u2019s wall. He also recalls when times were different. Ferry fondly remembers hot summer nights in West Philadelphia when \u201call the families [in the neighborhood] would sleep outside on their front porches.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Who deserves the most credit for achieving civil rights reforms in the mid-1960s? Brands, Chapter 5:\u00a0 Abraham Lincoln Walks at Midnight (1961-65) The New Frontiersmen (pp. 100-03) To the Brink (pp. 103-08) Dreams of a Better Day (pp. 108-14) Lyndon Johnson&#8217;s Stetson (pp. 115-18) Free at Last? (pp. 118-22) A Greater Society (pp. 122-27) Crossing [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":373,"featured_media":0,"parent":13,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-5650","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5650","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/373"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5650"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5650\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5650"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}