![\"Homer](\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2016\/02\/Homer-1876.jpg\")
<\/a>Winslow Homer, A Visit from the Old Mistress (1876)<\/p><\/div>\n
End of Reconstruction<\/h2>\n“If Reconstruction was a revolution, the campaign against it was a counterrevolution.” –Sinha,\u00a0Rise and Fall,\u00a0<\/em>p. 267<\/p><\/blockquote>\n![\"Prince](\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2016\/01\/Prince-Rivers.jpg\")
<\/a>Prince Rivers (1822-1887)<\/p><\/div>\n
Many white Southerners labeled the return of \u201chome rule\u201d following the Radical era of Reconstruction as a period of \u201cRedemption.\u201d \u00a0That word, however, contained a very bitter note for anybody who believed that the aftermath of the Civil War promised equality to all and a socioeconomic revolution for the region\u2019s dispossessed. \u00a0For southern blacks, in particular, the Redeemers represented an ominous threat, not only to their rights as freemen, but to their lives. \u00a0How far Redemption might go in undoing the reforms of Reconstruction \u2013and how violent its advocates might be in that process\u2013 remained to be seen by the end of the 1870s. \u00a0However, it was already clear during the Centennial Year of 1876 that violence against blacks was looming.\u00a0 According to Manisha Sinha, the Hamburg Massacre in South Carolina during July 1876 offered one of the more gruesome examples of the counterrevolution that ended the experiment in interracial democracy.<\/p>\n
Timeline<\/h2>\n
1868 \/\/ Grant (GOP) defeats Seymour (DEM) in presidential election<\/p>\n
1870 \/\/ Ratification of Fifteenth Amendment<\/p>\n
1870-71 \/\/ Enforcement Acts<\/p>\n
1872 \/\/ Grant (GOP) defeats Greeley (LIB REP \/ DEM) to win reelection<\/p>\n
1873 \/\/ Panic (depression) begins<\/p>\n
1873 \/\/ Colfax massacre in Louisiana<\/p>\n
1874 \/\/ Democrats win landslide victories in midterm elections<\/a><\/p>\n1876 \/\/ Hamburg massacre in South Carolina<\/p>\n
1876-77 \/\/ Hayes (GOP) defeats Tilden (DEM) in disputed presidential election<\/p>\n
Key Supreme Court Decisions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Blyew v. US<\/em>\u00a0(1872) \u2013overturns convictions of KY murderers on federalism grounds concerning witness rules<\/li>\n
- Slaughterhouse Cases<\/em>\u00a0(1873) \u2013upholds LA business regulation on federalism grounds, limiting \u201cprivileges or immunities\u201d clause<\/li>\n
- US v. Cruikshank<\/em>\u00a0(1876) \u2013overturns convictions following Colfax Massacre (1873) in LA on federalism grounds<\/li>\n
- US v. Reese<\/em>\u00a0(1876) \u2013overturns convictions under Enforcement Acts in KY on federalism grounds<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Some Supreme Court decisions in 1870s and 1880s upheld equal protection for jury laws and protected black voting rights but they were the exception, not the rule<\/p>\n
Civil Rights Cases (1883)<\/strong><\/a><\/h2>\n\n- United States<\/em>\u00a0v.\u00a0Singleton\u00a0<\/em><\/li>\n
- United States<\/em>\u00a0v.\u00a0Stanley<\/em><\/li>\n
- United States<\/em>\u00a0v.\u00a0Ryan<\/em><\/li>\n
- United States<\/em>\u00a0v.\u00a0Nichols<\/em><\/li>\n
- Robinson and wife<\/em>\u00a0v.\u00a0Memphis & Charleston R.R. Co.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
In November 1879, William R. Davis, black newspaperman, and his mixed race girlfriend were denied entry to the Grand Opera House in New York by doorkeeper Samuel Singleton: \u201cthese tickets are no good.\u201d<\/p>\n
“If Reconstruction was a revolution, the campaign against it was a counterrevolution.” –Sinha,\u00a0Rise and Fall,\u00a0<\/em>p. 267<\/p><\/blockquote>\n Prince Rivers (1822-1887)<\/p><\/div>\n Many white Southerners labeled the return of \u201chome rule\u201d following the Radical era of Reconstruction as a period of \u201cRedemption.\u201d \u00a0That word, however, contained a very bitter note for anybody who believed that the aftermath of the Civil War promised equality to all and a socioeconomic revolution for the region\u2019s dispossessed. \u00a0For southern blacks, in particular, the Redeemers represented an ominous threat, not only to their rights as freemen, but to their lives. \u00a0How far Redemption might go in undoing the reforms of Reconstruction \u2013and how violent its advocates might be in that process\u2013 remained to be seen by the end of the 1870s. \u00a0However, it was already clear during the Centennial Year of 1876 that violence against blacks was looming.\u00a0 According to Manisha Sinha, the Hamburg Massacre in South Carolina during July 1876 offered one of the more gruesome examples of the counterrevolution that ended the experiment in interracial democracy.<\/p>\n 1868 \/\/ Grant (GOP) defeats Seymour (DEM) in presidential election<\/p>\n 1870 \/\/ Ratification of Fifteenth Amendment<\/p>\n 1870-71 \/\/ Enforcement Acts<\/p>\n 1872 \/\/ Grant (GOP) defeats Greeley (LIB REP \/ DEM) to win reelection<\/p>\n 1873 \/\/ Panic (depression) begins<\/p>\n 1873 \/\/ Colfax massacre in Louisiana<\/p>\n 1874 \/\/ Democrats win landslide victories in midterm elections<\/a><\/p>\n 1876 \/\/ Hamburg massacre in South Carolina<\/p>\n 1876-77 \/\/ Hayes (GOP) defeats Tilden (DEM) in disputed presidential election<\/p>\n Some Supreme Court decisions in 1870s and 1880s upheld equal protection for jury laws and protected black voting rights but they were the exception, not the rule<\/p>\n In November 1879, William R. Davis, black newspaperman, and his mixed race girlfriend were denied entry to the Grand Opera House in New York by doorkeeper Samuel Singleton: \u201cthese tickets are no good.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/a>Timeline<\/h2>\n
Key Supreme Court Decisions<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Civil Rights Cases (1883)<\/strong><\/a><\/h2>\n
\n