{"id":8271,"date":"2026-08-29T16:30:37","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T20:30:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/?page_id=8271"},"modified":"2026-10-08T08:55:10","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T12:55:10","slug":"nineteenth-amendment","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/course-syllabus\/nineteenth-amendment\/","title":{"rendered":"Nineteenth Amendment"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>Image Gateway<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_7491\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-19-at-12.09.59-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7491\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-19-at-12.09.59-PM.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1427px) 100vw, 1427px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-19-at-12.09.59-PM.png 1427w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-19-at-12.09.59-PM-300x148.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-19-at-12.09.59-PM-1024x507.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-19-at-12.09.59-PM-768x380.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-19-at-12.09.59-PM-900x445.png 900w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-19-at-12.09.59-PM-1280x633.png 1280w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1427\" height=\"706\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7491\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-7491\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Female graduates of Dickinson College in 1910<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-22-at-10.59.39-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-4898\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-22-at-10.59.39-AM-1024x759.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-22-at-10.59.39-AM-1024x759.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-22-at-10.59.39-AM-300x222.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-22-at-10.59.39-AM-768x569.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-22-at-10.59.39-AM-1536x1139.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-22-at-10.59.39-AM-405x300.png 405w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-22-at-10.59.39-AM.png 1594w\" alt=\"Suffrage\" width=\"940\" height=\"697\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Discussion Questions<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>How might some Americans of that era, male or female, perceive this type of parade down Fifth Avenue on a Saturday afternoon to be dangerously provocative?<\/li>\n<li>Can you put the mobilization of suffrage parades, like this one by Harriot Stanton Blatch in New York City in 1912\u00a0 into the context of other political rights struggles from the late nineteenth or early twentieth century?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-211constitution\/files\/2022\/10\/Screen-Shot-2022-10-25-at-7.43.43-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-460\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-211constitution\/files\/2022\/10\/Screen-Shot-2022-10-25-at-7.43.43-AM-1024x685.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-211constitution\/files\/2022\/10\/Screen-Shot-2022-10-25-at-7.43.43-AM-1024x685.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-211constitution\/files\/2022\/10\/Screen-Shot-2022-10-25-at-7.43.43-AM-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-211constitution\/files\/2022\/10\/Screen-Shot-2022-10-25-at-7.43.43-AM-768x514.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-211constitution\/files\/2022\/10\/Screen-Shot-2022-10-25-at-7.43.43-AM-1536x1028.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-211constitution\/files\/2022\/10\/Screen-Shot-2022-10-25-at-7.43.43-AM-2048x1370.png 2048w\" alt=\"Suffrage\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Women\u2019s Movements<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/04KR8cPl5XI\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-origwidth=\"560\" data-origheight=\"315\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Through A Dickinson Lens<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2017\/01\/Nov.-20th-Honoress-square.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-5529\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2017\/01\/Nov.-20th-Honoress-square-982x1024.png\" alt=\"Slavery\" width=\"940\" height=\"980\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2017\/01\/Nov.-20th-Honoress-square-982x1024.png 982w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2017\/01\/Nov.-20th-Honoress-square-288x300.png 288w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2017\/01\/Nov.-20th-Honoress-square-768x801.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2017\/01\/Nov.-20th-Honoress-square.png 1248w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>For background information on the Jim Crow South, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ferris.edu\/HTMLS\/news\/jimcrow\/origins.htm\">Origins of Jim Crow (Ferris State)<\/a> and for the &#8220;Jim Crow North,&#8221; see <a href=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/slavery\/\">Dickinson &amp; Slavery<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-13-at-10.21.59-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7485\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-13-at-10.21.59-AM.png\" alt=\"Color line\" width=\"1526\" height=\"1464\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-13-at-10.21.59-AM.png 1526w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-13-at-10.21.59-AM-300x288.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-13-at-10.21.59-AM-1024x982.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-13-at-10.21.59-AM-768x737.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-13-at-10.21.59-AM-900x863.png 900w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Screen-Shot-2025-02-13-at-10.21.59-AM-1280x1228.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1526px) 100vw, 1526px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Esther Popel (1896-1958 was a teacher, poet, editor, activist and the first female African American graduate of Dickinson <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-3981 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2018\/01\/Esther-Popel.jpg\" alt=\"Popel\" width=\"220\" height=\"334\" \/>College (Class of 1919).\u00a0 She married a chemist named William Shaw in 1925.\u00a0 The couple had one daughter.\u00a0 Popel used her married name, but typically wrote and published under her maiden name.\u00a0 She identified with the Harlem Renaissance literary movement and is probably best known for her searing poem, <a href=\"http:\/\/archives.dickinson.edu\/document-descriptions\/flag-salute-esther-popel-shaw\">\u201cThe Flag Salute\u201d (1934)<\/a>, about a lynching that had occurred the previous year in Maryland.\u00a0 However, Popel also wrote a short, fascinating memoir entitled, <a href=\"http:\/\/archives.dickinson.edu\/document-descriptions\/personal-adventures-race-relations-esther-popel\">\u201cPersonal Adventures in Race Relations\u201d (1948)<\/a> that is available online through the Dickinson College Archives and which probably conveys her smart, witty but subtly combative personality as well as any source.\u00a0\u00a0To learn more about how students at Dickinson are engaging with the legacy of Esther Popel in their own lives, visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dickinson.edu\/homepage\/72\/popel_shaw_center_for_race_and_ethnicity\">Popel Shaw Center for Race &amp; Ethnicity<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>General Timeline<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>1882 \/\/ Chinese Exclusion &amp; Immigration acts<\/li>\n<li>1883 \/\/ Supreme Court invalidates 1875 law in <em>Civil Rights Cases<\/em><\/li>\n<li>1883-86 \/\/ Tom Torlino attends Carlisle Indian School<\/li>\n<li>1886 \/\/\u00a0 Protests and violence at Haymarket Square in Chicago<\/li>\n<li>1886 \/\/ Statue of Liberty dedicated<\/li>\n<li>1887 \/\/\u00a0 Dawes Allotment Act<\/li>\n<li>1892\u00a0 \/\/ Peoples\u2019 Party organizes for presidential campaign<\/li>\n<li>1892 \/\/\u00a0 Ida B. Wells launched a national anti-lynching campaign<\/li>\n<li>1893\u00a0 \/\/ Panic begins with an even deeper downturn than 1873<\/li>\n<li>1894\u00a0 \u00a0\/\/ Federal government intervenes in railroad strike<\/li>\n<li>1896\u00a0 \u00a0\/\/ McKinley defeats Bryan in heated presidential contest<\/li>\n<li>1898 \/\/ War with Spain<\/li>\n<li>1898 \/\/ Hawaii annexation<\/li>\n<li>1899-1902 \/\/ Philippine Insurrection<\/li>\n<li>1900\u00a0 \/\/\u00a0 US leads world in manufacturing output<\/li>\n<li>1900 \/\/\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/text\/16-capital-and-labor\/#VI_William_Jennings_Bryan_and_the_Politics_of_Gold\">McKinley defeats Bryan in presidential rematch<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1901\u00a0 \/\/ J.P. Morgan organizes US Steel, the first billion dollar company<\/li>\n<li>1901 \/\/ Roosevelt becomes president after McKinley assassination<\/li>\n<li>1903-1914 \/\/ Panama Canal<\/li>\n<li>1904 \/\/ Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine<\/li>\n<li>1917 \/\/ New York becomes first eastern state in US to grant women&#8217;s suffrage<\/li>\n<li>1917 \/\/ US entry into World War I<\/li>\n<li>1920 \/\/ Ratification of Nineteenth Amendment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image Gateway Female graduates of Dickinson College in 1910 &nbsp; Discussion Questions How might some Americans of that era, male or female, perceive this type of parade down Fifth Avenue on a Saturday afternoon to be dangerously provocative? Can you put the mobilization of suffrage parades, like this one by Harriot Stanton Blatch in New [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":373,"featured_media":0,"parent":13,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-8271","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/373"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8271"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8271\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8354,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8271\/revisions\/8354"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}