{"id":7496,"date":"2025-02-25T07:29:11","date_gmt":"2025-02-25T12:29:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/?p=7496"},"modified":"2025-02-25T10:21:06","modified_gmt":"2025-02-25T15:21:06","slug":"wilsonianism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/2025\/02\/25\/wilsonianism\/","title":{"rendered":"Wilsonianism"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">National economies were bound so tightly together, [Norman Angell] maintained in his book, <i>The Great Illusion<\/i>, that war, far from profiting anyone, would ruin everyone. &#8212;<a href=\"http:\/\/csweb.brookings.edu\/content\/research\/essays\/2013\/rhyme-of-history.html\">Margaret Macmillan, &#8220;Rhyme of History,&#8221; Brookings (2013)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2>Causes of World War I<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Imperialism<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/1900-Chinese-Spheres.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7499 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/1900-Chinese-Spheres-1024x709.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"629\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/1900-Chinese-Spheres-1024x709.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/1900-Chinese-Spheres-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/1900-Chinese-Spheres-768x531.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/1900-Chinese-Spheres-900x623.jpg 900w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/1900-Chinese-Spheres.jpg 1188w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 629px) 100vw, 629px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Between 1870 and 1900, Britain added more than four million square miles to its imperial holdings, France more than three and a half million, and Germany one million.\u00a0 The new rush for empire further destabilized an already unsettled world.&#8221; \u2013George Herring, <em>From Colony to Superpower <\/em>(2010), 268<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>During this same period, the US added approximately 500,000 square miles of annexed territory (Guam, Hawaii, Philippines, Puerto Rico); including Alaska (1867) raises the figure above 1 million square miles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_7500\" style=\"width: 256px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Large-Policy.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7500\" class=\"wp-image-7500 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Large-Policy-246x300.png\" alt=\"Large policy\" width=\"246\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Large-Policy-246x300.png 246w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Large-Policy.png 758w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-7500\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">From L to R \/ top to bottom: Alfred Mahan, Theodore Roosevelt, John Hay, Henry Cabot Lodge<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The advocates for an American &#8220;large policy&#8221; in the 1890s were balance-of-power realists.\u00a0 What does that description from international studies mean in this context?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>The New &#8220;Manifest Destiny&#8221;<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-15-at-8.25.00-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4865 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-15-at-8.25.00-PM-1024x636.png\" alt=\"Gast\" width=\"629\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-15-at-8.25.00-PM-1024x636.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-15-at-8.25.00-PM-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-15-at-8.25.00-PM-768x477.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-15-at-8.25.00-PM-483x300.png 483w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-15-at-8.25.00-PM.png 1060w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 629px) 100vw, 629px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Contemporaries celebrated American victories [in 1898] as the providential act of God. The influential Brooklyn minister Lyman Abbott, for instance, declared that Americans were \u201can elect people of God\u201d and saw divine providence in Dewey\u2019s victory at Manila. Some, such as Senator Albert J. Beveridge of Indiana, took matters one step further, seeing in American victory an opportunity for imperialism. In Beveridge\u2019s view, America had a \u201cmission to perform\u201d and a \u201cduty to discharge\u201d around the world. What Beveridge envisioned was nothing less than an American empire. &#8212;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/text\/19-american-empire\/#IV_Theodore_Roosevelt_and_American_Imperialism\">American Yawp, Chapter 19, Sec. III<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Fourteen-Points.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-7504 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Fourteen-Points-262x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"262\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Fourteen-Points-262x300.jpg 262w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Fourteen-Points-768x879.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2025\/02\/Fourteen-Points.jpg 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 262px) 100vw, 262px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Woodrow Wilson&#8217;s Fourteen Points (January 1918)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Open diplomacy, neutrality, and free trade<\/li>\n<li>Self-determination and de-colonization<\/li>\n<li>League of Nations and rule of international law<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<p>Wilsonianism offered a rebuke to balance-of-power realists by offering (in the terminology of international studies) a more idealistic approach to the US role in the world.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>Treaty of Versailles Debate (1919-20)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div id=\"attachment_5603\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.03.28-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-5603\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.03.28-AM-217x300.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 217px) 100vw, 217px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.03.28-AM-217x300.png 217w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.03.28-AM-741x1024.png 741w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.03.28-AM-768x1061.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/files\/2022\/01\/Screen-Shot-2022-01-17-at-8.03.28-AM.png 928w\" alt=\"Lodge\" width=\"217\" height=\"300\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5603\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-5603\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Wilsonians (Robinson)<\/li>\n<li>Reservationists (Lodge)<\/li>\n<li>Irreconciliables (Borah, Johnson, LaFollette)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Timeline of votes:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>November 18, 1919: 8 to 55 for treaty with reservations<\/li>\n<li>November 19, 1919:\u00a0 38 to 53 for Wilson\u2019s treaty<\/li>\n<li>March 19, 1920: 49 to 35 for Wilson\u2019s treaty \/\/ (56 required for 2\/3 super-majority)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Discussion Questions<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lodge and Wilson were both internationalists.\u00a0 So why did they destroy the greatest accomplishment of American internationalism to that point in time?<\/li>\n<li>Does this American treaty-making and treaty-ratifying system deserve any blame for this tragic outcome?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Consequences of World War I<\/h2>\n<blockquote><p>We expect that the international community will deal with conflicts when they arise, and that they will be short-lived and easily containable. But this is not necessarily true. &#8212;<a href=\"http:\/\/csweb.brookings.edu\/content\/research\/essays\/2013\/rhyme-of-history.html\">Margaret Macmillan, &#8220;Rhyme of History,&#8221; Brookings (2013)<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>US Role in World Affairs<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>WWI and Wilsonianism &#8211;lessons of imperialism and &#8220;guns of August&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>WWII and intervention &#8211;lessons of Munich and appeasement<\/li>\n<li>Cold War and containment &#8211;lessons of Vietnam and hubris<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>National economies were bound so tightly together, [Norman Angell] maintained in his book, The Great Illusion, that war, far from profiting anyone, would ruin everyone. &#8212;Margaret Macmillan, &#8220;Rhyme of History,&#8221; Brookings (2013) Causes of World War I Imperialism &#8220;Between 1870 and 1900, Britain added more than four million square miles to its imperial holdings, France [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":373,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/373"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7496"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7496\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}