{"id":4326,"date":"2022-01-23T21:28:03","date_gmt":"2022-01-23T21:28:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/?page_id=4326"},"modified":"2026-03-19T12:27:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T12:27:33","slug":"new-deal-diplomacy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/course-syllabus\/new-deal-diplomacy\/","title":{"rendered":"New Deal Diplomacy"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<h3>Should Franklin Roosevelt have confronted the isolationists sooner?<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3><strong>CHAPTER 12:\u00a0 The Great Transformation: Depression, Isolationism, and War, 1931-1941<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&#8220;The years from 1931 to 1941 brought major changes in U.S. foreign policy.\u00a0 Responding to the Great Depression and the threat of a new world war, Americans in the mid-1930s embraced isolationist attitudes and endorsed neutrality policies that in the event of war called for the sacrifice of traditional neutral rights for which the nation had fought in 1812 and 1917.\u00a0 The Munich Conference and especially the fall of France produced another reversal.\u00a0 Many anxious Americans now concluded that their values and interests were threatened by events abroad and that their security required them to assist nations combating the Axis menace even at the risk of war.\u00a0 Franklin Roosevelt took the lead in educating Americans to this new perspective on world affairs.\u00a0 He has been criticized for his timidity in responding to World War II and for underestimating his powers of persuasion.\u00a0 But he had vivid memories of Wilson&#8217;s defeat and feared getting too far out in front of public opinion.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>\u2013George C. Herring,\u00a0<em>From Colony to Superpower:\u00a0 U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776<\/em> (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), 536-37.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Timeline<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>1928 \/\/ Kellogg-Briand pact outlawing war<\/li>\n<li>1929 \/\/ Stock market crash and global depression<\/li>\n<li>1930 \/\/ Hawley-Smoot tariff raises rates to unprecedented levels<\/li>\n<li>1931-32 \/\/ Manchurian crisis and Stimson Doctrine<\/li>\n<li>1933 \/\/ FDR&#8217;s inaugural devotes one sentence to foreign affairs<\/li>\n<li>1934 \/\/ Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act<\/li>\n<li>1935 \/\/ After nine-year odyssey, US Senate rejects World Court<\/li>\n<li>1935-37 \/\/ Neutrality laws evolve toward cash-and-carry<\/li>\n<li>1938 \/\/ Munich Conference and appeasement<\/li>\n<li>1939 \/\/ WWII begins in Europe<\/li>\n<li>1940 \/\/ FDR runs for third term; <a href=\"https:\/\/millercenter.org\/the-presidency\/presidential-speeches\/december-29-1940-fireside-chat-16-arsenal-democracy\">&#8220;Arsenal of Democracy&#8221;<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1941 \/\/ Lend-Lease and Pearl Harbor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-9.38.33-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-4052\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-9.38.33-AM-1024x728.png\" alt=\"FDR juggler\" width=\"940\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-9.38.33-AM-1024x728.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-9.38.33-AM-300x213.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-9.38.33-AM-768x546.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-9.38.33-AM-1536x1092.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-9.38.33-AM-422x300.png 422w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-9.38.33-AM.png 2022w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.47.49-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-4037\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.47.49-AM-1024x687.png\" alt=\"word cloud\" width=\"940\" height=\"631\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.47.49-AM-1024x687.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.47.49-AM-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.47.49-AM-768x516.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.47.49-AM-1536x1031.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.47.49-AM-447x300.png 447w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.47.49-AM.png 2044w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.47.55-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-4038\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.47.55-AM-1024x769.png\" alt=\"FDR polio\" width=\"940\" height=\"706\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.47.55-AM-1024x769.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.47.55-AM-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.47.55-AM-768x577.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.47.55-AM-1536x1154.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.47.55-AM-399x300.png 399w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.47.55-AM.png 2034w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.03-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-4039\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.03-AM-1024x745.png\" alt=\"FDR trust\" width=\"940\" height=\"684\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.03-AM-1024x745.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.03-AM-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.03-AM-768x559.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.03-AM-1536x1117.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.03-AM-2048x1490.png 2048w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.03-AM-412x300.png 412w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.13-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-4040\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.13-AM-1024x747.png\" alt=\"FDR partner\" width=\"940\" height=\"686\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.13-AM-1024x747.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.13-AM-300x219.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.13-AM-768x560.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.13-AM-1536x1121.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.13-AM-2048x1494.png 2048w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.13-AM-411x300.png 411w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.20-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-4041\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.20-AM-1024x749.png\" alt=\"FDR radio\" width=\"940\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.20-AM-1024x749.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.20-AM-300x219.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.20-AM-768x561.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.20-AM-1536x1123.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.20-AM-410x300.png 410w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.20-AM.png 2022w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.27-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-4042\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.27-AM-1024x763.png\" alt=\"FDR Lend Lease\" width=\"940\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.27-AM-1024x763.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.27-AM-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.27-AM-768x573.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.27-AM-1536x1145.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.27-AM-402x300.png 402w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.27-AM.png 2020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.35-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-4043\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.35-AM-1024x764.png\" alt=\"FDR 1941\" width=\"940\" height=\"701\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.35-AM-1024x764.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.35-AM-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.35-AM-768x573.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.35-AM-1536x1146.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.35-AM-402x300.png 402w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2020\/10\/Screen-Shot-2020-10-15-at-8.48.35-AM.png 2032w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>KEY TERMS:\u00a0 Good Neighbor Policy (1933) \/\/ America First Committee (1940)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>Good Neighbor (1933)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&#8220;The one sentence of FDR&#8217;s inaugural address devoted to foreign policy included that memorable if also notably vague line &#8216;In the field of world policy I would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor.&#8217; Meant to apply generally, it became identified with the Western Hemisphere and was one of Roosevelt&#8217;s most important legacies.\u00a0 A product of self-interest and expediency along with a strong dose of idealism and more than a smattering of genuine goodwill, the Good Neighbor policy in its initial stage terminated existing military occupations and disavowed the U.S. right of military intervention without relinquishing its preeminent position in the hemisphere and dominant role in Central America and the Caribbean.\u00a0 In time, it extended beyond policy into the realm of cultural interchange.&#8221; &#8211;George Herring,\u00a0<em>From Colony to Superpower,\u00a0<\/em>p. 497<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Discussion Questions<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>How did Herbert Hoover lay the &#8220;foundations&#8221; for the Good Neighbor policy and why was that such a departure from previous US involvement in Latin America?<\/li>\n<li>What were some of the cultural interchanges of the Good Neighbor policy?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Student-produced map (George Gilbert)<br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=1q9eWSwVR7Mdf3SwW6Y0fCoIFUGQ\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>America First Committee (1940)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u201cPressure groups also spearheaded the opposition.\u00a0 In July [1940], Yale University students and midwestern businessmen formed the America First Committee.\u00a0 As the name suggests, America Firsters ardently opposed intervention \u2013and aid to Britain, which, they argued, would inevitably lead to intervention.\u00a0 They saw the war not as a great ideological conflict but as another round in the endless struggle among Europeans for power and empire.\u00a0 The United States, they insisted, had no stake in that conflict.\u00a0 Some like aviator hero Charles Lindbergh preached accommodation with Hitler.\u00a0 Others minimized the German threat and advocated defense of the Western Hemisphere.\u00a0 America First was an unwieldy coalition of strange bedfellows, businessmen, old progressives and leftists, and some strongly anti-Jewish groups.\u00a0 Many blamed Roosevelt\u2019s interventionist policies on a personal lust for power.\u00a0 These various groups created local and regional offices, organized rallies, sent out mailings, and propagandized Congress.\u201d \u2013George Herring,\u00a0<em>From Colony to Superpower,\u00a0<\/em>p. 521-22.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Discussion Questions<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What was the essential context behind the strong anti-war movement in the late 1930s and early 1940s?<\/li>\n<li>How did FDR overcome the opposition of America First and general isolationist sentiment to secure Lend-Lease aid for Great Britain (and later the Soviet Union)?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZluIuRg2K7o\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Should Franklin Roosevelt have confronted the isolationists sooner? CHAPTER 12:\u00a0 The Great Transformation: Depression, Isolationism, and War, 1931-1941 &#8220;The years from 1931 to 1941 brought major changes in U.S. foreign policy.\u00a0 Responding to the Great Depression and the threat of a new world war, Americans in the mid-1930s embraced isolationist attitudes and endorsed neutrality policies [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":373,"featured_media":0,"parent":10,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4326","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/373"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4326"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4326\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4757,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4326\/revisions\/4757"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}