{"id":4597,"date":"2023-09-26T12:33:10","date_gmt":"2023-09-26T12:33:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/?page_id=4597"},"modified":"2026-02-25T21:44:51","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T21:44:51","slug":"birthright-citizenship","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/birthright-citizenship\/","title":{"rendered":"Birthright Citizenship"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>What does the story of Wong Kim Ark suggest about the roles of citizens and immigrants in US diplomatic history?<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3302\" style=\"width: 1494px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2019\/03\/Wong-Kim-Ark.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3302\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3302\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2019\/03\/Wong-Kim-Ark.jpg\" alt=\"Wong\" width=\"1484\" height=\"1643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2019\/03\/Wong-Kim-Ark.jpg 1484w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2019\/03\/Wong-Kim-Ark-271x300.jpg 271w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2019\/03\/Wong-Kim-Ark-768x850.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2019\/03\/Wong-Kim-Ark-925x1024.jpg 925w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1484px) 100vw, 1484px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3302\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wong Kim Ark<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cast of Characters<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Wong Kim Ark (born 1870)<\/li>\n<li>Parents:\u00a0 Wee Lee and Wong Si Ping<\/li>\n<li>Wife:\u00a0 Yee Shee<\/li>\n<li>Sons: Yuk Foon, Yuk Sue (paper son), and Yook Jim<\/li>\n<li>Benevolent association:\u00a0 Chinese Six Companies<\/li>\n<li>Plaintiff lawyers: Maxwell Evarts and Joseph Hubley Ashton<\/li>\n<li>Government lawyers:\u00a0 Holmes Conrad plus George Collins<\/li>\n<li>Supreme Court:\u00a0 6-2 decision (Majority opinion:\u00a0 Horace Gray \/\/ Dissent:\u00a0 Chief Justice Melville Fuller and Assoc. Justice John Marshal Harlan)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chinese Exclusion Act<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;So it was no surprise that the Chinese Exclusion Act passed by overwhelming majorities in the House and Senate and was signed into law by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882.&#8221; &#8211;Amanda Frost<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Arguing that the bill violated U.S. treaty obligations, Hayes courageously vetoed it.\u00a0 Recognizing the political strength of the agitators, however, the government negotiated a new treaty with China permitting the United States to limit or suspend but not to \u2018absolutely prohibit\u2019 Chinese immigration.\u00a0 Congress immediately suspended immigration for twenty years, provoking an Arthur veto.\u00a0 The legislators responded with a new bill suspending Chinese immigration for ten years, the first such exclusion in U.S. history.&#8221; &#8211;George Herring<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li>First\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ourdocuments.gov\/doc.php?flash=false&amp;doc=47\">Chinese Exclusion Act<\/a>\u00a0(1882) (National Archives)<\/li>\n<li>Background on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/history\/2018\/10\/30\/birthright-citizenship-trump-inspired-history-lesson-th-amendment\/?noredirect=on&amp;utm_term=.aefdf5c78ddb\">Wong Kim Ark<\/a>, litigant in Supreme Court case (1898)<\/li>\n<li>Jonathan Katz,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2018\/10\/31\/birthright-citizenship-wong-kim-ark-222098\">\u201cBirth of a Birthright,\u201d<\/a>\u00a0Politico (2018)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2026\/02\/Wong-Kim-Ark.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4726 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2026\/02\/Wong-Kim-Ark.png\" alt=\"Wong Kim Ark\" width=\"1780\" height=\"928\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2026\/02\/Wong-Kim-Ark.png 1780w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2026\/02\/Wong-Kim-Ark-300x156.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2026\/02\/Wong-Kim-Ark-1024x534.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2026\/02\/Wong-Kim-Ark-768x400.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2026\/02\/Wong-Kim-Ark-1536x801.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2026\/02\/Wong-Kim-Ark-900x469.png 900w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/files\/2026\/02\/Wong-Kim-Ark-1280x667.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1780px) 100vw, 1780px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What does the story of Wong Kim Ark suggest about the roles of citizens and immigrants in US diplomatic history? &nbsp; &nbsp; Cast of Characters Wong Kim Ark (born 1870) Parents:\u00a0 Wee Lee and Wong Si Ping Wife:\u00a0 Yee Shee Sons: Yuk Foon, Yuk Sue (paper son), and Yook Jim Benevolent association:\u00a0 Chinese Six Companies [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":373,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4597","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4597","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/373"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4597"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4597\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4728,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4597\/revisions\/4728"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-282pinsker\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4597"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}