{"id":562,"date":"2020-05-08T11:42:28","date_gmt":"2020-05-08T15:42:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/?page_id=562"},"modified":"2020-05-21T16:36:59","modified_gmt":"2020-05-21T20:36:59","slug":"oriundi-players","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/calciatori-oriundi\/oriundi-players\/","title":{"rendered":"Oriundi Players"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5><strong>Soccer, emigration and racism<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0by Odalis Almendarez Pi\u00f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Gli Oriundi - Ricordi Azzurri\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TCcXn-feilg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Soccer is one of the best-known sports in the world, especially in Italy, which is view with great love.\u00a0Soccer is known as a sport that unites everyone, not only the players but also the fans, regardless of age, race, gender, culture or nationality.\u00a0This makes it a beautiful sport to play and watch.\u00a0However, this has not always been the case.\u00a0There were several rules that established who could play in the\u00a0national\u00a0teams,\u00a0the acceptance\u00a0of foreign players was very regulated, especially in Italy,\u00a0where the game of soccer was tied for a long time to emigration, which brought millions of Italians to the countries of South America.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;The idea that politics and sport should be kept apart is laughable in Italy.&#8221;\u00a0<\/strong>(Foot, 355)<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_279\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-279\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-279\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/04\/Squadra-Mussolini-300x201.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/04\/Squadra-Mussolini-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/04\/Squadra-Mussolini.png 581w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-279\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mussolini and Italian Team, World Cup 1934<\/p><\/div>\n<p>There was an intertwining of soccer and politics that shaped soccer in Italy.\u00a0In the 1920s in Italy the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini was starting which helped continued the rise of nationalism that Enrico Corradini has started around<\/p>\n<p>1910s.\u00a0This\u00a0intertwining was between soccer, emigration and the political rise during fascism.\u00a0Now, if we look back in history, we are able to see how the\u00a0fascist movement used soccer to implement\u00a0its\u00a0ideals.\u00a0Both,\u00a0soccer and fascism,\u00a0promoted\u00a0the collectivity rather than just a single person,\u00a0that is,\u00a0the team\u00a0or the country over individuals\u00a0(\u00a0Emma,\u00a0Almog\u00a0, and Taylor).\u00a0This was what Mussolini understood,\u00a0and therefore he\u00a0used soccer\u00a0for his benefit (Noonan).<\/p>\n<p>Mussolini&#8217;s fascist party began to shape the sport, creating the\u00a0<em>Carta di Viareggio\u00a0<\/em>in 1926.\u00a0<em>The Carta di Viareggio\u00a0<\/em>prohibited having more than two foreign players on the team until 1928,\u00a0when it the changed to banning any foreign player in the Italian team (Foot, 38).\u00a0In addition to that, <em>La Carta di Viareggio<\/em> officially recognized soccer as a profession for the first time (Foot, 25).\u00a0At the start of soccer in Italy, soccer was an amateur sport which was only played for honor and entertainment, never for money.\u00a0Players at this time had their own profession while they played, over\u00a0time this\u00a0had to changed (Foot 38).\u00a0In 1920, this system was no longer working, and money had begun to flow.\u00a0These transfers of money led to a bitter public discussion that\u00a0contributed\u00a0also to the\u00a0creation\u00a0of\u00a0<em>the Carta di Viareggio <\/em>(Viareggio Charter)<em>\u00a0<\/em>(Foot, 24).<\/p>\n<p>However, this new set of rules contained a loophole.\u00a0The Viareggio Charter<em>\u00a0<\/em>only stated that foreigners were prohibited, which rose a lot of questions. Such as who was considered an Italian?\u00a0Who was considered a foreigner? Many of the foreign players Italy had were from Hungary and Austria which could no longer play, therefore Italian clubs began to look for other players who were &#8216;Italian&#8217; (Foot, 38).\u00a0They were turning to look\u00a0for\u00a0Italians who have emigrated from the country\u00a0in the past.\u00a0This great emigration of Italians is known as the Italian diaspora.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;South Americans as Italians &#8230; Italians as South Americans&#8221; (Foot, 391)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Because of this diaspora there are large groups concentrated Italian communities in South America, especially in Argentina and Brazil.\u00a0It is estimated that the numbers of their &#8220;Italian oriundi&#8221; descendants are very high, Argentina had received almost 3 million Italians (The Italian Diaspora).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_449\" style=\"width: 192px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-449\" class=\"wp-image-449 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/05\/Italians_in_Argentina_1914-182x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"182\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/05\/Italians_in_Argentina_1914-182x300.png 182w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/05\/Italians_in_Argentina_1914.png 568w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 182px) 100vw, 182px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-449\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diaspora Italiana in Argentina<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The \u2018La Boca\u2019 neighborhood is located near the shore of Buenos Aires in Argentina.\u00a0La Boca is one of the districts that has a considerable concentration of an Italian community, it has registered 53% of its inhabitants to be Italian, especially from Genoa.\u00a0At the center of La Boca is the La Bombonera stadium.\u00a0This stadium is\u00a0home\u00a0to the Boca Juniors team, which was founded in 1905 by five Italian immigrants (Moralis).<\/p>\n<p>La Boca\u00a0is\u00a0an Italian neighborhood, with its roots tied to the first emigration from Italy.\u00a0With the Italian diaspora, soccer spread throughout South America, and players born in Argentina formed the majority of foreigners\u00a0who\u00a0played in Italy in the 1920s (Moralis).\u00a0Throughout\u00a0the years, Boca Juniors has helped create great soccer players\u00a0that\u00a0have left to play in Italy (Foot, 392).<\/p>\n<p>The presence of foreign players in Italian soccer has always been the\u00a0subject of\u00a0a debate that have influenced the changing rules that governed the game.\u00a0After\u00a0<em>La Carta di Viareggio,\u00a0<\/em>only the oriundi were allowed to play. At this time, it was when the\u00a0<em>Italian oriundo\u00a0<\/em>category\u00a0became part of soccer.<\/p>\n<p>Oriundo is an Italian word that comes from the Spanish language which means &#8220;originating from&#8221; (Bonello).\u00a0Although these players were not natives Italians, they qualify to\u00a0play for the country if they meet certain criteria.\u00a0These players had to have a close ancestral link with the\u00a0&#8216;\u00a0Italy (Foot, 392)<\/p>\n<p>These players had Italian &#8216;blood&#8217;, Italian surnames, and\u00a0Italian\u00a0parents, but often they had never been to Italy, and they didn&#8217;t speak Italian (Noonan).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_442\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-442\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-442\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/05\/BOCA-JUNIORS-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/05\/BOCA-JUNIORS-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/05\/BOCA-JUNIORS-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/05\/BOCA-JUNIORS-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/05\/BOCA-JUNIORS-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/05\/BOCA-JUNIORS-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/05\/BOCA-JUNIORS.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-442\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">La Bombonera, Buenos Aires<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Although they\u00a0were\u00a0not\u00a0born in Italy,\u00a0due to this new set of rules, these\u00a0players could\u00a0play in Italy.\u00a0The Viareggio Charter<em>\u00a0<\/em>was in place\u00a0until 1949, but\u00a0after six years in 1955, the \u201coriundi\u2019 were able\u00a0back national (Foot,392).<\/p>\n<p>These South American players were going to Italy to play because it was good money.\u00a0At the\u00a0end of the 1920s Italian soccer was very wealthy, therefore being able to buy these start players from Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.\u00a0During this time the South American soccer was not wealthy like\u00a0Italy, which made it difficult to compete against it to keep their players. The lost of these players seemed like\u00a0a form of neo-colonialism\u00a0(Foot, 393).\u00a0Argentina was in an economic crisis\u00a0and therefore\u00a0losing these\u00a0inevitable\u00a0players.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Oriundi footballers: From Argentina to Italy<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_277\" style=\"width: 281px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-277\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-277\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/04\/Libonatti-271x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"271\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/04\/Libonatti-271x300.png 271w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/04\/Libonatti.png 381w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 271px) 100vw, 271px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-277\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julio Libonatti<\/p><\/div>\n<p>One of the best known players as an oriundo was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=https:\/\/footballpink.net\/2018-11-16-julio-libonatti-the-first-trans-atlantic-transfer\/\">Julio\u00a0Libonatti<\/a>\u00a0, called &#8220;El Matador&#8221; for his talent for the ball.\u00a0He was born in Rosario in Argentina to a Calabrian family.\u00a0Therefore, he had the opportunity to be part of this \u2018oriundi\u2019phenomenon.\u00a0Libonatti played first with the Argentine national team from 1919 to 1922. After four years, from 1926 to 1931, Libonatti played for the national team of Italy.\u00a0His matches attracted people from all over the country and even\u00a0from\u00a0abroad.\u00a0Thanks to his talent, one of these people who\u00a0looked at\u00a0him\u00a0was Count Enrico Marone Cinzano, the president of Turin (Castellani).\u00a0In his visit to Rosario, Cinzano had\u00a0noticed\u00a0that Libonatti had everything it takes to make an attacker shine: speed, agility, good movement of the ball with both feet, as well as a powerful and precise shot (Castellani).\u00a0With all this and the fact that he was of Italian origin, Cinzano was more interested in having Libonatti in Italy.\u00a0In 1925, Libonatti was registered for the transatlantic transfer, and later moved to the Italian club Torino (Pink).\u00a0Libonatti had accepted because he liked new adventures, he become history because he was the first Argentine citizen to make the transatlantic transfer (Pink).\u00a0Wherever he played he made history and this was not an exception to the\u00a0<em>Azzurri\u00a0<\/em>, the Italian national team.\u00a0Libonatti played his first game for Italy in 1926, becoming the first oriundi to play in the\u00a0<em>Azzurri\u00a0<\/em>(Pink).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_278\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-278\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-278\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/04\/Squadra-300x185.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"185\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/04\/Squadra-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/04\/Squadra.png 597w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-278\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julio Libonatti and Team<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Because of\u00a0Benito Mussolini\u2019s Viareggio Charter, Libonatti was automatically given the dual nationality.\u00a0This was accepted by the dictator Mussolini, because it was useful for Italy to give this oriundi their citizenship. Especially because thanks to oriundi, Italy was able to win the first World Cup in 1934.<\/p>\n<p>Libonatti, after his 33 years, left the club of Torino, however he continued to play in different teams in the Serie B and Serie C (Pink).\u00a0After living\u00a0<em>the dolce vita <\/em>(the good life)<em>,\u00a0<\/em>he was bankrupt and then reunited with his family who was in Argentina after leaving Italy when the fascist regime\u00a0started to suffocated\u00a0Italy and was about to invade Albania.\u00a0(Pink)\u00a0Despite this, Julio Libonatti has opened the door for several changes in the future of soccer, especially because other oriundi had the opportunity to thrive in Italy over the years.<\/p>\n<p>Benito Mussolini was not the first leader to recognize the political potential of sport, but he is one of the leaders who has placed the greatest emphasis on them (Bill, 65).\u00a0For Benito Mussolini having that Italian team of 1934 where there were five oriundi &#8211; Atilio Jos\u00e9 Demar\u00eda, Raimundo Orsi, Luisito Monti, and Enrique Guaita who were Argentines and Anfilogino Guarisi who was Brazilian &#8211; was beneficial for Italy&#8217;s victory of the World Cup in 1934 (Deer).\u00a0The victory helped Mussolini&#8217;s propaganda machine to represent the country as a symbol of fascist superiority in Europe.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The dirty-faced Angels<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Humberto Maschio, Antonio Valentin Angelillo and Omar Sivori\u00a0are\u00a0three Argentine players who arrived in Italy towards the end of the 1950s (Foot, 397).\u00a0The three of them were nicknamed &#8220;Dirty-faced angels&#8221;, like the title of a well-known 1940s movie starring Humprey Bogart and James Cagney.\u00a0Having come to play in Europe the three players could no longer be called up by the Argentine national team,\u00a0<em>Albiceleste.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In the following years these &#8220;oriundi&#8221; had the opportunity to play for the Italian national team, the\u00a0<em>Azzurri,<\/em> without luck to win a victory in the World Cup (Fossati).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_445\" style=\"width: 279px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-445\" class=\"wp-image-445 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/05\/Faccia-Sporca.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"269\" height=\"202\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-445\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dirty-Faced Angels Maschio, Angelillo, Savori<\/p><\/div>\n<p>But they became protagonists of the national championship becoming idols of the fans of their respective club teams Sivori and Maschio, together with other \u201coriundi\u201d or naturalized, the Brazilians Jos\u00e8 Altafini and Angelo Sormani, participated in the disastrous expedition of the Italian national team to the World Championships in Chile in 1962 (Fossati).<\/p>\n<p>In\u00a01966, the Italian soccer borders closed for foreign players, this was because their presence was blamed for the continues low wins of the national team, especially after the humiliating defeat of North Korea at the World Cup in 1966.<\/p>\n<p>In 1995, the so-called\u00a0<em>&#8220;Bosman ruling&#8221;\u00a0<\/em>established the free movement of workers \/ players within the European Community, without any restrictions (Foot, 502). &#8220;The numerical constraint survives &#8211; to date &#8211; for athletes from non-European countries&#8221; (Fossati). In this regulatory logic, the practice spread by agents and prosecutors of the search for European ancestry of non-EU footballers to facilitate their insertion in the &#8220;rich&#8221; European leagues, through the recognition of the double passport.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The return of the Oriundi to Italy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For almost two decades the Italian team had no oriundi in the\u00a0<em>Azzurri\u00a0<\/em>team, because Italian had this idea of \u200b\u200bdetachment and of not belonging towards the oriundi.\u00a0However, Mauro Camoranesi revived this tradition in 2003 (Lea).\u00a0Mauro Camoranesi was born in Tandil, Argentina but was eligible for Italian citizenship\u00a0thanks to\u00a0his great-grandfather who had emigrated in 1873. He played for many club teams in Argentina, Mexico, Uruguay and Italy, but from 2003 to 2010 he represented Italy.\u00a0The \u201cAzzurri\u201d had shown interest in him before the Argentina team, therefore Camoranesi made his international debut for Italy in a friendly match against\u00a0the Portugal\u00a0(Lea).\u00a0When asked how\u00a0he decided to represent\u00a0the\u00a0<em>Azzurri\u00a0<\/em>(Italy) instead of the <em>Albiceleste\u00a0<\/em>(Argentina) Camoranesi said that &#8220;Argentina never came looking for me, so I never had to choose.\u00a0One day Trapattoni [soccer manager] called me. I thought his offer over and made up my mind almost two months ago to accept it. I remain an Argentinian, but this is a golden opportunity for my career &#8220;(Son of Argentina loyal to the Azzurri)<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_446\" style=\"width: 189px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-446\" class=\"size-full wp-image-446\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/05\/Nuovo-Oriundi.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"179\" height=\"193\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-446\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mauro Camoranesi<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In 2006, he won the World Cup in Germany with Italy; however, he was not fully accepted by his adopted country.\u00a0There were a lot of critics against him, due to Italians not believe that he was worthy of wearing the blue jersey<em>.\u00a0<\/em>For example, during the World Cup in 2006 he didn&#8217;t sing the Italian\u2019s national anthem because he didn&#8217;t know it.\u00a0He was also criticized for his interview after his victory in the World Cup when he said \u201cme siento argentino pero he defendido los colores de Italia, que est\u00e1 en mi sangre, con dignidad.\u00a0Eso es algo que nadie puede quitar\u201d [he\u00a0felt\u00a0Argentinian but he defended the colors of Italy because it\u00a0is his\u00a0blood, with dignity, and nobody can take away that]\u00a0but this was not enough for the Italians, especially because it was in Spanish (Casado).<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;Nothing oriundi, only Italians in the national team&#8221; &#8211; Roberto Mancini<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The concept of oriundi has created many questions about who a true Italian is.\u00a0In the time of Mussolini&#8217;s dictatorship, it was useful to have oriundi players because they were star players who helped Italy win.\u00a0At that time having a powerful team was also a symbol of a powerful nation.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_448\" style=\"width: 252px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-448\" class=\"size-full wp-image-448\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/05\/Altri-Oriundi.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"242\" height=\"151\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-448\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oriundi in Italian National Team<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Although these players had Italian blood through their parents or grandparents, to what extent are they were truly Italian?\u00a0Roberto Mancini is the coach of the Italian national team\u00a0and former footballer of the Italian national team and other Italian clubs.\u00a0He says that \u201cniente oriundi, in Nazionale solo italiani\u2026io penso che un giocatore italiano meriti di giocare in Nazionale, mentre chi non \u00e8 nato in Italia, anche se ha dei parenti italiani, credo non lo meriti\u201d[no oriundi, nella squadra nazionale&#8230; I think that an Italian player deserves to play in the national team, while those who were not born in Italy, even if they have Italian relatives, I think they don&#8217;t deserve it] (Zucchelli).\u00a0Things like these are being listened a lot in soccer.\u00a0These are the questions that Italians, and even Argentines ask themselves.\u00a0Not only did Argentina lose its players to\u00a0other nations, but Italy sometimes did not see these oriundi as true Italians.<\/p>\n<p>The acceptance of Italian oriundi players\u00a0has\u00a0changed a lot\u00a0throughout the\u00a0time.\u00a0The idea of the oriundi players\u00a0at the start was\u00a0in\u00a0a\u00a0sense as repatriation.\u00a0During the\u00a0fascist\u00a0regime it\u00a0was helpful to have these good players to\u00a0have an invincible team.\u00a0At\u00a0one point these players were looked at as true Italians, but this didn&#8217;t last long.\u00a0When\u00a0the\u00a0Azzurri won\u00a0no\u00a0there were not many critics contr\u00a0or\u00a0these natives, but when that does not\u00a0happen\u00a0there were many critics.\u00a0With the change of Italian politics, the acceptance of foreigners and foreign players in the national team\u00a0has also changed.\u00a0The debate continues\u00a0even\u00a0now.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_450\" style=\"width: 198px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-450\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/05\/Top-11-degli-Oriundi-188x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"188\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/05\/Top-11-degli-Oriundi-188x300.jpg 188w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2020\/05\/Top-11-degli-Oriundi.jpg 344w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-450\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Top 11 Oriundi<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The issue of acceptance is still ongoing in the world of football. A team composed only of the &#8220;Top&#8221; eleven oriundi would be similar to this image.The question in this team, if this team was possible, will ask who they are representing.\u00a0Maybe a team representing immigrants?\u00a0from the world?\u00a0or a country?\u00a0Would it be accepted?\u00a0The\u00a0constant question\u00a0of who a true\u00a0Italian is is, remains up to this date, not just in soccer.\u00a0Is it enough to\u00a0be an\u00a0Italian descent?\u00a0Does having an Italian passport make you Italian or is nothing enough?\u00a0Even if were you born in Italy to immigrant parents, are you not Italian?\u00a0Why is it easier for Italian child to obtain Italian citizenship, but not for those children born in Italy?\u00a0To be a true Italian must you be born in an Italian family, in Italy and speak Italian?\u00a0This debate will continue and will rise further questions about the true meaning of an Italian.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bibliography<\/p>\n<p>Emma\u00a0Anspach\u00a0,\u00a0Hilah\u00a0Almog\u00a0, and Taylor (2009) &#8220;Football and Politics in Europe, 1930s-1950s&#8221;, Edited and Updated by Brittney\u00a0Balser\u00a0and Alessandro\u00a0Santalbano\u00a0(2013), Soccer Politics Pages, Soccer Politics Blog, Duke University, http: \/ \/sites.duke.edu\/wcwp<\/p>\n<p>Bill Murray,\u00a0<em>The World&#8217;s Game: A History of Soccer\u00a0<\/em>.\u00a0Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1996.<\/p>\n<p>Bonello, Pierre.\u00a0&#8220;Players:\u00a0Oriundi\u00a0&#8220;.\u00a0Forza Azzurri Statistics.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=https:\/\/forza_azzurri.homestead.com\/play_Oriundi.html\">https:\/\/forza_azzurri.homestead.com\/play_Oriundi.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Casado, Edu.\u00a0&#8221;\u00a0Qu\u00e9\u00a0fue\u00a0de &#8230; Mauro\u00a0Camoranesi\u00a0: the\u00a0Argentine\u00a0que\u00a0jug\u00f3\u00a0por el\u00a0pa\u00eds\u00a0de\u00a0su\u00a0bisabuelo\u00a0&#8220;.\u00a020minutos.\u00a023 Mar 2017.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=https:\/\/blogs.20minutos.es\/quefuede\/2017\/03\/23\/que-fue-de-mauro-camoranesi-el-argentino-que-jugo-por-el-pais-de-su-bisabuelo\/\">https:\/\/blogs.20minutos.es\/quefuede\/2017\/03\/23\/que-fue-de-mauro-camoranesi-el-argentino-que-jugo-por-el-pais-de-su- Bisabuelo \/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Castellani, Massimiliano.\u00a0\u201cFootball &amp;\u00a0history\u00a0.\u00a0Libonatti\u00a0,\u00a0the Oriundo\u00a0who\u00a0opened\u00a0the\u00a0doors\u00a0&#8220;.\u00a0To come\u00a0.\u00a0Feb\u00a013\u00a02015.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=https:\/\/www.avvenire.it\/agora\/pagine\/libonatti-\">https:\/\/www.avvenire.it\/agora\/pagine\/libonatti-<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Deer, Gino.\u00a0&#8220;Blue\u00a0native\u00a0&#8211; From\u00a0Mumo\u00a0Orsi\u00a0in\u00a0Palette\u00a0:\u00a0the\u00a0naturalized\u00a0at the\u00a0World Cup\u00a0.&#8221;\u00a0Quasirete\u00a0.\u00a0Gazzeta\u00a0of\u00a0Sport.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=http:\/\/quasirete.gazzetta.it\/2014\/06\/12\/azzurro-oriundo-da-mumo-orsi-a-paletta-i-naturalizzati-ai-mondiali\/\">http:\/\/quasirete.gazzetta.it\/2014\/06\/12\/azzurro-oriundo-da-mumo-orsi-a-paletta-i-naturalizzati-ai-mondiali\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Foot, John.\u00a0<em>Winning at All Costs: A Scandalous History of Italian Soccer.\u00a0<\/em>Nation Books.\u00a02006, 2007.<\/p>\n<p>Fossati, Fulvio. 2020.<\/p>\n<p>Lea, Greg.\u00a0&#8220;Arrigo Sachi and Italian football&#8217;s ethical dilemma about foreign\u00a0playrs\u00a0&#8220;.\u00a0The Guardian.\u00a0Feb\u00a018\u00a02015.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/football\/these-football-times\/2015\/feb\/18\/arrigo-sacchi-italy-football-ethical-dilemma-racism-foreign-players\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/football\/these-football-times\/2015\/feb\/18\/arrigo-sacchi-italy-football-ethical-dilemma-racism-foreign-players<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Moralis\u00a0, Georgios.\u00a0&#8220;Boca Juniors&#8221;.\u00a0FootballHistory\u00a0.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=https:\/\/www.footballhistory.org\/club\/boca-juniors.html\">https:\/\/www.footballhistory.org\/club\/boca-juniors.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Noonan, Niall.\u00a0&#8220;Mussolini&#8217;s World Cup&#8221;.\u00a0Leftways\u00a0.\u00a0Medium.\u00a0Nov. 12, 2017.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=https:\/\/medium.com\/leftways\/mussolinis-world-cup-445fb6606fc4\">https:\/\/medium.com\/leftways\/mussolinis-world-cup-445fb6606fc4<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Pink.\u00a0&#8220;Julio\u00a0Libonatti\u00a0: The First Trans-Atlantic Transfer.&#8221;\u00a0The Football Pink.\u00a0Nov. 21, 2018.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=https:\/\/footballpink.net\/2018-11-16-julio-libonatti-the-first-trans-atlantic-transfer\/\">https:\/\/footballpink.net\/2018-11-16-julio-libonatti-the-first-trans-atlantic-transfer\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Son of Argentina loyal to the Azzurri&#8221;.\u00a0The Irish Times.\u00a0Feb\u00a011\u00a02003.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/sport\/son-of-argentina-loyal-to-the-azzurri-1.348504\">https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/sport\/son-of-argentina-loyal-to-the-azzurri-1.348504<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The Italian Diaspora&#8221;.\u00a0PilotGuide\u00a0.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=https:\/\/www.pilotguides.com\/study-guides\/the-italian-diaspora\/\">https:\/\/www.pilotguides.com\/study-guides\/the-italian-diaspora\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Zucchelli\u00a0, Chiara.\u00a0&#8220;Mancini:&#8221; Nothing\u00a0oriundi\u00a0, only\u00a0Italians\u00a0in the national team\u00a0&#8220;.\u00a0VOTE \/\u00a0You\u00a0agree\u00a0? &#8220;.\u00a0LaGazzettaDelloSport. 23\u00a0March\u00a0, 2015.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=https:\/\/www.gazzetta.it\/Calcio\/Nazionale\/23-03-2015\/mancini-contro-oriundi-non-meritano-nazionale-solo-italiani-110209390555.shtml\">https:\/\/www.gazzetta.it\/Calcio\/Nazionale\/23-03-2015\/mancini-contro-oriundi-non-meritano-nazionale-solo-italiani-110209390555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Other\u00a0readings<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Acu\u00f1a\u00a0G\u00f3mez, Guillermo &#8211;\u00a0Acu\u00f1a\u00a0Delgado,\u00a0\u00c1ngel\u00a0.\u00a0&#8220;El\u00a0f\u00fatbol\u00a0como\u00a0producto\u00a0cultural:\u00a0revisi\u00f3n\u00a0y\u00a0an\u00e1lisis\u00a0bibliogr\u00e1fico\u00a0&#8221; in\u00a0<em>Citius\u00a0, Altius,\u00a0Fortius\u00a0<\/em>&#8211; 2016, 9 (2), pp.\u00a031-58.\u00a0Online:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=http:\/\/cdeporte.rediris.es\/revcaf\/Numeros%2520de%2520revista\/Vol%25209%2520n2\/Vol9_n2_Acunna_Acunna.pdf\">http:\/\/cdeporte.rediris.es\/revcaf\/Numeros%20de%20revista\/Vol%209%20n2\/Vol9_n2_Acunna_Acunna.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Alabarces\u00a0, Pablo (comp.).\u00a0<em>Futbolog\u00edas\u00a0:\u00a0f\u00fatbol\u00a0,\u00a0identidad\u00a0y\u00a0violencia\u00a0en\u00a0Am\u00e9rica.\u00a0<\/em>Buenos Aires:\u00a0Clacso\u00a0, 2003.<\/p>\n<p>Alabarces\u00a0, Pablo.\u00a0<em>F\u00fatbol y patria.\u00a0<\/em>Buenos Aires:\u00a0Prometheus\u00a0, 2007.<\/p>\n<p>Clementi, Hebe,\u00a0<em>El\u00a0protagonism\u00a0of La Boca.\u00a0<\/em>Buenos Aires:\u00a0Ediciones\u00a0Letra\u00a0Buena, 1994.<\/p>\n<p>Lozato\u00a0,\u00a0Gianguglielmo\u00a0.\u00a0\u201cFootball and\u00a0emigration\u00a0:\u00a0identity\u00a0and\u00a0identification\u00a0.\u00a0An analysis\u00a0of the\u00a0relationship\u00a0between\u00a0football and\u00a0emigration\u00a0,\u00a0between\u00a0identity\u00a0and\u00a0lost\u00a0or\u00a0found\u00a0roots\u00a0\u201din\u00a0<em>public\u00a0opinion\u00a0<\/em>.\u00a0January\u00a014\u00a0,\u00a02016. Online:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=http:\/\/www.opinione-pubblica.com\/calcio-ed-emigrazione-lidentita-e-lidentificazione\/\">http<\/a>\u00a0:\/\/www.op Opinion-pubblica.com\/calcio-ed-emigrazione-lidentita-e-l\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=http:\/\/www.opinione-pubblica.com\/calcio-ed-emigrazione-lidentita-e-lidentificazione\/\">identification\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Marchesini, Daniele.\u00a0&#8220;Sport&#8221; in Bevilacqua, Piero &#8211; De Clementi,\u00a0Andreina\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Franzina\u00a0, Emilio (\u00a0edited\u00a0by).\u00a0<em>History\u00a0of\u00a0Italian\u00a0emigration\u00a0.\u00a0Vol. II:\u00a0Arrivals\u00a0.\u00a0<\/em>Rome:\u00a0Donzelli\u00a0, 2009, pp.\u00a0397,418.<\/p>\n<p>Meneses\u00a0, Guillermo Alonso &#8211; Avalos Gonz\u00e1lez, Juan Manuel.\u00a0&#8220;The\u00a0investigation\u00a0of the\u00a0futbol\u00a0y sus\u00a0nexos\u00a0con los\u00a0estudios\u00a0de\u00a0comunicaci\u00f3n\u00a0:\u00a0Aproximaciones\u00a0y\u00a0ejemplos\u00a0&#8221; in\u00a0<em>Comunicaci\u00f3n\u00a0y\u00a0sociedad\u00a0<\/em>, (20), 2013, 33-64.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=http:\/\/www.scielo.org.mx\/scielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci_arttext%26pid%3DS0188-252X2013000200003%26lng%3Des%26tlng%3Des\">http:\/\/www.scielo.org.mx\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-252X2013000200003&amp;lng=es&amp;tlng=es\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=http:\/\/www.scielo.org.mx\/pdf\/comso\/n20\/n20a3.pdf\">http:\/\/www.scielo.org.mx\/pdf\/comso\/n20\/n20a3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Meneses\u00a0, Guillermo Alonso &#8211;\u00a0Escala\u00a0Rabad\u00e1n\u00a0, Luis (\u00a0coord\u00a0<em>.).\u00a0Offside \/\u00a0Fuera\u00a0de\u00a0lugar\u00a0Futbol\u00a0y\u00a0migraciones\u00a0en\u00a0el\u00a0mundo\u00a0contempor\u00e1neo\u00a0.\u00a0<\/em>Tijuana, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, 2015. Online:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=https:\/\/books.google.it\/books%3Fid%3D7hwQCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT343%26lpg%3DPT343%26dq%3Dfutbol%2Bestudios%2Bculturales%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DY64qOTkxwg%26sig%3DACfU3U3EAauT8vXvEpTCXAmDFAd0LBjd-g%26hl%3Des%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjhzfuZn97oAhUow8QBHaslCsgQ6AEwCXoECAwQMg%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dfutbol%2520estudios%2520culturales%26f%3Dfalse#v=onepage&amp;q=futbol%20estudios%20culturales&amp;f=false\">https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7hwQCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT343&amp;lpg=PT343&amp;dq=futbol+estudios+culturales&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Y64qOTkxwg&amp;sig=ACfHXXAvX_AxHXUdX_AxHdXUvEX_AxHxHxUvXHxUdXUdXHUXY 2ahUKEwjhzfuZn97oAhUow8QBHaslCsgQ6AEwCXoECAwQMg = # v = onepage &amp; q =% futbol 20estudios 20culturales% &amp; f = false<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Meneses\u00a0C\u00e1rdenas, Jorge Alberto.\u00a0&#8220;El\u00a0futbol\u00a0nos\u00a0une\u00a0:\u00a0socializaci\u00f3n\u00a0, ritual e\u00a0identidad\u00a0en\u00a0torno\u00a0al\u00a0futbol\u00a0&#8221; in\u00a0<em>Culturales\u00a0<\/em>, vol.\u00a0IV,\u00a0n\u00fam\u00a0.\u00a08,\u00a0julio-diciembre\u00a0, 2008, pp.\u00a0101-140 Universidad\u00a0Aut\u00f3noma\u00a0de Baja California.\u00a0Online:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;sl=it&amp;tl=en&amp;u=https:\/\/www.redalyc.org\/pdf\/694\/69440805.pdf\">https:\/\/www.redalyc.org\/pdf\/694\/69440805.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Soccer, emigration and racism \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0by Odalis Almendarez Pi\u00f1a Soccer is one of the best-known sports in the world, especially in Italy, which is view with great love.\u00a0Soccer is known as a sport that unites everyone, not only the players but also the fans, regardless of age, race, gender, culture or nationality.\u00a0This makes it a beautiful [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3815,"featured_media":0,"parent":56,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-562","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","post","no-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/562","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3815"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=562"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/562\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/56"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=562"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}