{"id":769,"date":"2023-05-15T17:26:10","date_gmt":"2023-05-15T21:26:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/?p=769"},"modified":"2023-05-15T17:42:29","modified_gmt":"2023-05-15T21:42:29","slug":"pirelli-in-argentina-english-version","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/2023\/05\/15\/pirelli-in-argentina-english-version\/","title":{"rendered":"Pirelli in Argentina (English Version)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Pirelli Elect\u2122\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rvZs4161yKs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">The Pirelli company<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">, or Pirelli &amp; C. S.p.A., was<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\"> founded <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">on <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">Sunday<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">, January 28, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">1872, by Giovanni Battista Pirelli <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">in Milan <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">to<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\"> produce elastic rubber items. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">At the moment<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\"> of <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">founding, Battista was a twenty-four-year-old graduate of The Polytechnic University of Milan with a realization <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">that rubber would be one of the most important commodities in the rapidly industrializing Italy. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">(\u201cPirelli &amp; C. S.P.A.\u201d)<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">These items included: rubber bands, vulcanized items, rubberized fabrics, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">scuba diving rebreathers, and other rubberized items. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">In addition, the <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">move was to <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">combat the pressures from the French market of <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">rubber watering hoses<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\"> (\u201cAlberto Pirelli Is Dead at 89).<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\"> After <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">participating<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\"> in the International Centenary Exposition in Buenos Aires, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">in 1910 <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">the company opened their first commercial<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">foreign branch i<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">n Calle Esmeralda 940 within Argentina\u2019s capital city <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">of <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">Buenos Aires<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">The company has seen continuous growth in Argentina, which I will cover later in my paper. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">Only twelve years later the company <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">was <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">listed on the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.borsaitaliana.it\/homepage\/homepage.htm\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">Borsa<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">i<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">taliana<\/span><\/a> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">(La <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">Borsa<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">) <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">in Milan <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">and within the same year <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">was also<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\"> listed on the <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nyse.com\/index\">New York Stock Exchange (NYSE<\/a>)<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\"> (\u201cPIRELLI | About Us.\u201d)<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\"> Pirelli was the first Italian company ever to be listed on a stock exchange within the United States. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">The public limited company <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">or [PL<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">C] had revenues<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\"> of<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">\u20ac<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">4.3 billion in 2022 <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">with a TTM [trailing twelve months] gross revenue of \u20ac4.267 billion.<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">The trailing twelve months unit of measurement is the \u201cpast 12 consecutive months of a company\u2019s performance data used for reporting financial figures\u201d (\u201cTrailing Twelve Months (TTM)). <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">The firm manages eighteen plants in <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">twelve<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\"> countries over four continents<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\"> with &#8220;a view to environmental efficiency and respect for biodiversity.&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\"> (2022 Pirelli Annual Report)<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/2023\/05\/15\/pirelli-in-argentina-english-version\/png-transparent-pirelli-logo-tire-formula-one-tyres-font-f1-logo-text-trademark-logo-removebg-preview\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-787\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-787 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/png-transparent-pirelli-logo-tire-formula-one-tyres-font-f1-logo-text-trademark-logo-removebg-preview-300x83.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"83\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/png-transparent-pirelli-logo-tire-formula-one-tyres-font-f1-logo-text-trademark-logo-removebg-preview-300x83.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/png-transparent-pirelli-logo-tire-formula-one-tyres-font-f1-logo-text-trademark-logo-removebg-preview-768x213.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/png-transparent-pirelli-logo-tire-formula-one-tyres-font-f1-logo-text-trademark-logo-removebg-preview.png 920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>The Pirelli Company Logo<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/2023\/05\/15\/pirelli-in-argentina-english-version\/screen-shot-2023-05-15-at-12-53-02-pm\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-791\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-791\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-15-at-12.53.02-PM-219x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-15-at-12.53.02-PM-219x300.png 219w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-15-at-12.53.02-PM.png 310w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 219px) 100vw, 219px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW114713903 BCX0\">Giovanni Battista Pirelli <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">Jacopo Virgilio, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">\u201c<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">an important liberal economist<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">\u201d<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">and <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">\u201cone of the most eloquent supporters of free emigration during the post-unification period,\u201d <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">furthering the strong ties between their mother country of Italy and Argentina<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> (<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">Pagano <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">11<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">)<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">.<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">Virgilio\u2019s <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">suppor<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">t of \u201cfree emigration\u201d <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">added to the love for Argentina and the growth of the nation<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> (Pagano 5).<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> The intellectual\u2019s ideas were <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">largely linked<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> to the <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">importance of Italian emigration<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> dissenting from <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">Camillo Cavour, the Italian <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">prime minister&#8217;s,<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">\u00a0main idea that Argentina should attract more immigrants <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">from the port of Genoa from those, \u201cwho were transiting through other ports in northern Europe<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">\u201d <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">(Pagano <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">19<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">).<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">Virgilio&#8217;s<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> expressive en<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">thusiasm about the future of Argentina <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">radiated <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">throughout the country as he thought<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> \u201c[immigrants should] aim toward Argentina and the R\u00edo de la Plata region because, in other areas in Central America and Brazil, the tropical climate makes it very hard for Italians to adjust;\u201d <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">(Pagano <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">19<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">)<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">.<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> Ar<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">gentina offered both opportunities for all in cities and in the countryside<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">, therefore fostering a positive environment <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">that would become the future and the legacy of R\u00edo de la Plata. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">In addition, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Luigi-Einaudi\">Luigi<\/a><\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> Einaudi<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">,<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">\u201ca professor of political economy at the University of Turin, who became the first elected president of the Italian Republic in 1948<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">was an instrumental <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">figure <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">in the <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">Italian capitalist expansion in Latin America<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> (Pagano 85).<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">\u00a0Einaudi<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">\u2019s book named <\/span><\/span><em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">Un <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">principe<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">mercante<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">: Studio <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">sulla<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">espan<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">sione<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">i<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">taliana<\/span><\/span><\/em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">shows how the famous British slogan<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">\u201cThe trade follows the flag,\u201d<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">demonstrates<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> how <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">commerce <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">because of<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> colonialism <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">can sometimes be deceiving. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">(Pagano 86).<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> Einaudi\u2019s <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">envision of creating an Italian university in Argentina that \u201cla quale <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">sia<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> un <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">centro<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> ed un faro <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">luminoso<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">della<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">cultura<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> e <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">della<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">civilta<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">\u0300 nostra in mezzo <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">alla<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">popolazione<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> di <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">origine<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">italiana<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">\u201d (that will be a center and a bright light- house among our population of Italian origins)<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> (Pagano 91). The pursuit of developing a new Argentina equipped with the ability to conquer the newest of chall<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">enges can be attributed to Einaudi\u2019s and <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">Virgilio&#8217;s<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\">imagination<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203096472 BCX0\"> and hopes of what Argentina would become. <\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW203096472 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">After learning about the Pirelli company, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">let\u2019s<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\"> learn more about the economic situation of Argentina. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">Throughout time, Argentina\u2019s history was aided <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">by a variety of foreign investments up to the First World War. For example, in<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\"> 1870 in<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\"> Argentina <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">60% of investments in international capital were, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">\u201c<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">in th<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">e form of financing of loans to governments and for infrastructure works.\u201d<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\"> (<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">Ronchi <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">1<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">)<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\"> The country&#8217;s economy was <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">backed <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">by <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">close ties to <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">Britain<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">with this so-called, \u201cinformal empire\u201d<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\"> (<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">Ronchi <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">1). <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">British long-term foreign investment was so large that it <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">accounted<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\"> for 4<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">3% of the total world in 1914 and then <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">just over 70% made up the \u201c<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">dominions\u201d,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">the <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">portion<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\"> of the world that made up India, Latin America, and other underdeveloped countries. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">From the turn of the century to the First World War it is reported that \u201cclose to half of the fixed<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">capital formation in Argentina was foreign-financed\u201d<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\"> (<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">Ronchi <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">1). <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">It was <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">such a large factor in the <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">country&#8217;s economic growth that in 1913<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">, \u201c<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">the total of long-term foreign investment in Argentina was about half the value of the country\u2019s fixed-capital stock\u201d<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\"> (<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">Ronchi <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">1)<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">.<\/span> <\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">The United States and Italy <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">made up less than 1% of foreign capital<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">. Not <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">until <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">later in the 19<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun Superscript SCXW61354212 BCX0\" data-fontsize=\"12\">th<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\"> and 20<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun Superscript SCXW61354212 BCX0\" data-fontsize=\"12\">th<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\"> centur<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">ies<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\"> did countries like Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">Uruguay<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">, and Chile <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">finance their economies based on aggressive <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">policies <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">around<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\"> foreign debt to create strong ties between oligarchies and central countries. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61354212 BCX0\">The company was in fact one of the three Italian enterprises that invested abroad prior to 1914 to have operations in several countries.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW61354212 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/2023\/05\/15\/pirelli-in-argentina-english-version\/screen-shot-2023-05-15-at-12-56-19-pm\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-795\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-795 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-15-at-12.56.19-PM-300x211.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-15-at-12.56.19-PM-300x211.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-15-at-12.56.19-PM.png 419w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">New Pirelli Fiber Optic Cable<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">Mr. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">Battista\u2019s role within the Pirelli company was <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">largely influential<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> in the Italian market. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">In <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">1898<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">in <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">Buenos Aires, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">Giovanni Battista Pirelli <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">reorganized<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> the <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">Buenos Aires <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">area<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">, \u201c<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">by appointing a sole representative: Alvaro Company, who was also appointed to represent the company in the foreign markets of Uruguay and Paraguay and to continue to act as agent for the southern states of Brazil\u201d <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">(<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">Ronchi <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">10). The company was asked by Pirelli to <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">represent<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> the firm <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">for all articles of, \u201c<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">electric threads and <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">tyres<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">, as well as the miscellaneous products\u201d (<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">Ronchi <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">10). <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">1910 marked a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">significant change<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> in market trends as the automobile industry w<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">as on the rise. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">Regarding<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> the <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">Argentina branch, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">Giovanni Battista Pirelli <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">was tasked <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">to choose between three options<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">. One <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">idea <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">would be to<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">,<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">\u201c<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">conclude an exclusive agreement with a major company, with <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">their commitment (to achieve) a high turnover<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">\u201d <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">(<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">Ronchi <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">14). The second <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">option<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> was to cancel all retail sales and allow for the c<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">reation <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">of <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">positive<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">relationships<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> between wh<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">olesalers.<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> A third <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">option<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> included the second hypothesis with <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">an intense advertising campaign that <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">personally <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">addressed consumers <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">and then directed them to wholesalers for <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">purchasing<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> products<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">Even<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> though many options were on the table, the best <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">option<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> was to produce the best <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">tyres<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> along with <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">providing<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> the best customer service. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">While some order shipping difficulties happened<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">, orders began to increase <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">and the Pirelli sales branch was opened in 1911 in Buenos Aires, Argentin<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">a <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">(<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">Ronchi <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">15).<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> Mr. Alfredo <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">Gessaroli<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> acted as the branch manager <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">after being <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">previously employed by the Milan branch. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">Prospects for <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">tyre<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> sales were particularly positive as the branch amassed sales of half a million in 1911 <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">(<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">Ronchi <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">1<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">6<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">).<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> In 2021, the <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">portion<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> of the business celebrated its 100<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun Superscript SCXW216378283 BCX0\" data-fontsize=\"12\">th<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> year in business<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> with the opening of a motorcycle product <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">t<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">yre<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">division and significant <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">investments<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\"> into the future of the Merlo plant. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW216378283 BCX0\">The firm planned to invest $100 million by 2013 into the plant.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW216378283 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/2023\/05\/15\/pirelli-in-argentina-english-version\/screen-shot-2023-05-15-at-12-58-07-pm\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-797\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-797 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-15-at-12.58.07-PM-300x167.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-15-at-12.58.07-PM-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-15-at-12.58.07-PM.png 665w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Pirelli\u2019s Plant in Merlo, Argentina<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">The World Fair of 1910 had the potential for company growth within Argentina. The large propaganda campaign instigated by The National Committee for World Fairs and Foreign Exports <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">regarding<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\"> Italian exports abroad was joined by a variety of Italian industrialists. Their cogent arguments towards the committee, \u201cbrought the total goods on show to 1700 packages weighing a total of 407 tons\u201d <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">(<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">Ronchi 17).<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\"> Two inquiries <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">by the secretary general of the Italian committee and the <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">Regio <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">Commissario<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">Generale<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">d\u2019Italia<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\"> (The Royal Commissar General of Italy) were persuasive enough t<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">o<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">incentivize<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\"> the passage in September 1909. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">While the committee was already focused on organizing The Brussels International Trade Fair in April 1910, the goal was an \u201c<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">institutional commitment was to incentivize mutual respect and economic links between Italy and Argentina and \u201creveal the plethora of Italian ingenuity and <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">labour<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">\u201d (<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">Ronchi 17)<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">.<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\"> The <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">connection between the two countries would lead to <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">an<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\"> increase in economic growth and foster <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">a cohesive atmosphere for institutional development. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">From reports in the years prior, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">Italian industrialists were reluctant to <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">participate<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\"> in the world fair for two distinct reasons. The first one being <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">that retail sales of products, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">specifically <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">food products<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">, were already accessible to the masses. The second was that it made no sense to <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">showcase<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">technologically advanced products because after the sale the products were, \u201cnot immediately receivable\u201d<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\"> (<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">Ronchi 17). <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">The <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">National C<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">ommittee for <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">World Fairs and Foreign Exports asked<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">, \u201c<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">Pirelli to participate<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\"> for chemistry in <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">the Buenos<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\"> Aires <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">Exposici\u00f3n<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">Internacional<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">\u201d in 1910 for \u201c<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">its industrial products and applications, and how it related to other<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">enterprises, including <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">Branca<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">\u201d (<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">Ronchi 17)<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">The Branca company produces the famous alcoholic beverage named <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fernetbranca.com\/en#\">Fernet-Branca<\/a>.<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\"> The drink was invented in 1845 by Bernardino<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\"> Branca <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-IT\" xml:lang=\"IT-IT\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">(<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256012048 BCX0\">An Amaro That Will\u201d). <\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW256012048 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/2023\/05\/15\/pirelli-in-argentina-english-version\/screen-shot-2023-05-15-at-1-01-42-pm\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-800\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-800 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-15-at-1.01.42-PM-197x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"197\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-15-at-1.01.42-PM-197x300.png 197w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-15-at-1.01.42-PM.png 253w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 197px) 100vw, 197px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Fernet-Branca&#8217;s first advertisement in 1865 which appeared in the daily newspaper \u201cLa Perseveranza\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/2023\/05\/15\/pirelli-in-argentina-english-version\/card00564_fr\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-801\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-801\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/card00564_fr-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/card00564_fr-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/card00564_fr.jpg 399w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Postcard of the 1910 Centenario de la Republica Aergentina Exposicion Internacional in Buenos Aires Argentina<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">In <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">preparation <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">for the world fair, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">a letter dated June 4<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun Superscript SCXW131549480 BCX0\" data-fontsize=\"12\">th, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">1909, the <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">Alvero<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\"> Company <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">notified <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">Pirelli<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">that the exposure would <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">largely <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">impact<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\"> the business in a positive way through, \u201cbroadening its visibility in the whole of South <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">America and<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\"> urging the company to participate\u201d<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\"> (<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">Ronchi 17). Alberto Pirelli, the son of the company\u2019s original founder Giovanni Battista Pirelli<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">, u<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">rged <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">the <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">Alvero<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\"> Company to<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">\u201cundertake a special initiative\u201d to ensure that almost all the automobiles or bicycles to be on show in the Italian section \u201cwould have our <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW131549480 BCX0\">tyres<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">\u201d, with a direct initiative to the manufacturers, ahead of their accessory representatives \u201cto ensure that the <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">product on show is Italian \u2013 including the accessories it is concerned with\u201d (<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">Ronchi 17). This help<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">e<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">d Pirelli gain international exposure and boost company-wide sales within the Argentina<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\"> branch. The fair was instrumenta<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">l <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">for the Pirelli <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">Company,<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">giving them <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">the many business relationships,<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\"> they needed to take Pirelli to the <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">next level<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131549480 BCX0\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW131549480 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/2023\/05\/15\/pirelli-in-argentina-english-version\/screen-shot-2023-05-15-at-1-04-38-pm\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-803\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-803\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-15-at-1.04.38-PM-221x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"221\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-15-at-1.04.38-PM-221x300.png 221w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-15-at-1.04.38-PM.png 266w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 221px) 100vw, 221px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW49846234 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-CH\" xml:lang=\"IT-CH\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW49846234 BCX0\">Alberto Pirelli, Giovanni Battista <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW49846234 BCX0\">Pirelli\u2019s<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW49846234 BCX0\">S<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackedChange SCXW49846234 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW49846234 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-CH\" xml:lang=\"IT-CH\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW49846234 BCX0\">on<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The fair fueled the businesses\u2019 operations and resulted in a series of awards for the business. Later, \u201ca warehouse for automobile tyres and cables only was annexed to the branch, which undertook not to make sales outside its area, and Company was made responsible for identifying the quantities and assortment of goods to ship, the maintenance and storage of the tyres, which had no guaranteed service life\u201d <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ronchi 19). In 1917, \u201cPirelli on the Plate\u201d began the production of cables, tyres, and natural rubber products with a total of twenty-four employees. It was the first enterprise of the Group in the Americas as well as the first Italian multinational enterprise in Argentina. Once again for this enterprise direct foreign investments were extremely important due to economies of production, technical knowledge, and international marketing conditions. In her article, Ronchi wrote, \u201cCorporations huge enough, and few enough, to be able to allow innovations of a technical nature to play a leading role in the evolution of a particular industrial sector, while at the same time, they are subject to the pressure of competition that can push them forward\u201d highlighting the complications of large corporations <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ronchi 22). The Pirelli Company reflected on this quote, \u201cto the extent that other factors will inevitably be built in other countries if for no other reason than customs tariffs, it is better to assume control rather than lose markets\u201d <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ronchi 22). Pirelli did just that by opening their first factory in 1917 which was followed by another that produced miscellaneous rubber articles. Five years later in 1921, the company opened a cable factory in Donato Alvarez, a province of Buenos Aires. In 1930, a larger factory named, \u201cLa Rosa\u201d was built in Buenos Aires for the explicit production of tyre manufacturing, underground cable production, and a copper rolling mill. The company began increasing production and proving to the Argentinian people that Pirelli was here to stay. As the company was making great strides, the best was yet to come. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/2023\/05\/15\/pirelli-in-argentina-english-version\/download-5\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-811\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-811 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/download-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Buenos Aires, Argentina at Night<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">When the first publication of <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">P\u00e0ginas Pirelli<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">, 1955-1975, was officially published in 1955, \u201conly five years after the Italian house organ \u201cFatti e Notizie,\u201d the Italian economy was experiencing massive development. With the two, \u201cPirelli Saic-Sociedad Anonima Industrial y Comercial\u201d factories near the area of Buenos Aires, the company was already in the process of the \u201clocal production of tyres\u201d (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Un Compleanno Internazionale). 1950 was a significant year because the production of tyres was transferred to Merlo, therefore allowing more room to maximize operations across the company. In 1951, the Pirelli Company\u2019s \u201cCoplan-Compa\u00f1ia Platense de Naum\u00e0ticos\u201d the joint venture with the American \u201cU.S. Rubber\u201d produced the first tyres in Merlo, Argentina, only 30 kilometres (about 18.64 mi) from Buenos Aires <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Un Compleanno Internazionale). This plan that the company instigated created space for growth within the Argentinian market. The production of the Cinturato tyre was going to be a large part of the business when it really took off in 1968 after Coplan, Compa\u00f1ia Platense de Neumaticos, was taken over by Industrias Pirelli SAIC, a subsidiary of the Pirelli company. Pirelli was very aware of its global marketing strategy. Their own strategy was extremely important in the connection between Italy and America. We can see the influence of Pirelli\u2019s Cinturato marketing campaign in the photo below. The marketing campaign included \u201cthe colors of the Argentina flag with associated slogan of \u201cen Argentina se dice Cinturato\u201d or \u201cin Argentina, we say Cinturato\u201d demonstrating the trust in the Pirelli Company (\u201cPirelli, an Italian in the World).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/2023\/05\/15\/pirelli-in-argentina-english-version\/screen-shot-2023-05-15-at-1-13-44-pm\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-809\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-809 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-15-at-1.13.44-PM-215x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"215\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-15-at-1.13.44-PM-215x300.png 215w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-15-at-1.13.44-PM.png 347w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 215px) 100vw, 215px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Cover a <i><span data-contrast=\"none\">P\u00e0ginas Pirelli\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">magazine\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">After the Second World War, the economic boom, from 1958 to 1963, was happening in Italy like in Argentina. The economic reconstruction was followed by a large economic growth from 1950 to 1963. For example, the gross domestic product, or GDP, rose by 5.9% reaching its peak of 6.1% in 1961. The growth of the automobile industry in Argentina was like the one in Italy and the Italian industry dominated the world markets. The European market was overwhelmed by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiat.com\/\">Fiat<\/a> until 1963 with an economic slowdown. Ten years later a surge in the price of oil sent shocks throughout the economy. From the start, Italy was a proponent of European integration. We can see this connection in Argentina in the importance of Italian immigration and the value of capital investments from abroad. Together with the help of the Marshall Plan, an American plan to assist the economies of Western Europe after World War II, the foundation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1952 fueled the growth of neighbouring countries, especially Italy. The steel industry became the foundation of the Italian metallurgic and engineering industri<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">es. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">(\u201c<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Postwar Econ<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">omic Development\u201d)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/2023\/05\/15\/pirelli-in-argentina-english-version\/fygr1y7xkacj-d5\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-807\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-807 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/FYGr1Y7XkAcj-d5-300x243.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/FYGr1Y7XkAcj-d5-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/FYGr1Y7XkAcj-d5-768x622.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/FYGr1Y7XkAcj-d5.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1952 <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">With efforts to consolidate company operations in Argentina in the Merlo factory, revenues in 2010 were $365 million, up 55% from 2009. The goal in Argentina was to hit $500 million in revenue by 2013. Annual production capacity was projected to hit 6 million from 5 million a year prior. Even after the complications of the 2009 economic crisis, the Argentinian market experienced increasing dynamism and strength linked to performance from companies in the internal market like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ford.com\/\">Ford<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.renaultgroup.com\/en\/\">Renault<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vw.com\/en.html\">Volkswagen<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.toyota.com\/\">Toyota<\/a>. Today, Pirelli has grown to be one of the world leaders in tyre production. In the past few years, hyperinflation in Argentina has risen to new highs, impacting business operations. Since 2011, The Pirelli Company has been the sole provider of tyres for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.formula1.com\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Formula 1\u2122. <\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">In the third quarter of 2018, the accumulated inflation rate over the last three years exceeded 100%. In July of 2018, the Pirelli Company adopted the IAS 29 accounting standard for the company\u2019s subsidiary in Argentina named Pirelli Neum\u00e1ticos S.A.I.C. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(2022 Pirelli Annual Report) The IAS 29 accounting standard <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">requires that any financial statements that are operating within the currency of a hyperinflationary economy to be reinstated for changes in purchasing. Therefore, more meaningful financial statements can be provided in a hyperinflationary economy. Countries whose functional currency is one which is impacted by a hyperinflationary economy should utilize the IAS 29 account standard. These countries include Iran, Lebanon, Zimbabwe, and Venezuela. (\u201cIFRS Alert\u201d). Even while immigration was decreasing in Argentina during the sixties and the seventies, Italian companies kept investing in the future of the country. Non-Italian foreign investments and Italian foreign investments helped Argentina develop a global presence, therefore continuing the protection of <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Italianit\u00e0. <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In 1962, Argentina\u2019s gross domestic product was $24.25 billion (about $75 per person in Argentina) and in 2021 GDP levels hit $487.23 billion (about $1,500 per person in Argentina) showcasing the country\u2019s economic growth over time. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(\u201cA<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">rgentina GDP\u201d)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/2023\/05\/15\/pirelli-in-argentina-english-version\/pirelli-tyres-1\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-805\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-805 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/pirelli-tyres-1-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"372\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/pirelli-tyres-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/pirelli-tyres-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/files\/2023\/05\/pirelli-tyres-1.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW32288979 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-IT\" xml:lang=\"IT-IT\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32288979 BCX0\">Pirelli <a href=\"https:\/\/www.formula1.com\/\">Formula 1\u2122 <\/a><\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32288979 BCX0\">Tyres<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW32288979 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/?p=754&amp;preview=true\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">Back to the Home Page<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/?p=773&amp;preview=true\">Pirelli in Argentina (Italian Version)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/?p=779&amp;preview=true\">Works Cited<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/?p=782&amp;preview=true\">Photo Citations\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; The Pirelli company, or Pirelli &amp; C. S.p.A., was founded on Sunday, January 28, 1872, by Giovanni Battista Pirelli in Milan to produce elastic rubber items. At the moment of founding, Battista was a twenty-four-year-old graduate of The Polytechnic University of Milan with a realization that rubber would be one of the most important [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4704,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-769","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"hentry","6":"category-uncategorized","8":"no-featured-image"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/769","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4704"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=769"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/769\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=769"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=769"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/italian-diaspora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}