{"id":442,"date":"2016-06-16T15:54:48","date_gmt":"2016-06-16T19:54:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/?page_id=442"},"modified":"2016-06-16T18:11:39","modified_gmt":"2016-06-16T22:11:39","slug":"3-11-explained","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/atlantic_pacific\/tohoku-and-sandy\/3-11-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"3.11 Explained"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Great East Japan Earthquake (3.11)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>The tolls taken:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Japanese, T\u014dhoku means \u201cnortheast,\u201d indicating a region of the country\u2019s largest island, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Honsh\u016b. On March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake occurred off the T\u014dhoku\u00a0coast of Honsh\u016b island. (The date of the event gives it the nickname of <strong>3.11<\/strong>.) The earthquake is the 4th largest in history, and was a matter of global concern.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The earthquake triggered a tsunami with heights recorded over 20 meters in bay areas closer to the epicenter of the earthquake. Almost 16,000 people were killed from the disasters (Fig.6), 130,927 people were displaced from their homes, and thousands of travel-ways were completely destroyed (<a href=\"http:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/eqinthenews\/2011\/usc0001xgp\/#summary\">\u201cUSGS Earthquake Summary\u201d<\/a>).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Minamisanriku was a city devastated by the tsunami (Fig. 9). Over 1,000 people were either killed or missing as a result of the disasters.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-388\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/575099-minami-sanriku.jpg\" alt=\"575099-minami-sanriku\" width=\"359\" height=\"202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/575099-minami-sanriku.jpg 650w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/575099-minami-sanriku-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 359px) 100vw, 359px\" \/>\u00a0Before 3.11<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-389\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/575487-minami-sanriku.jpg\" alt=\"575487-minami-sanriku\" width=\"355\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/575487-minami-sanriku.jpg 650w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/575487-minami-sanriku-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\" \/>\u00a0After 3.11<\/p>\n<p>Figure 9. Before and after pictures of the town of Minamisanriku<\/p>\n<p>Click <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/sample-page\/tohoku-and-sandy\/3-11-damage\/\" target=\"_blank\">here <\/a>to see more images of tsunami and earthquake damage<\/p>\n<p>A variety of secondary hazards occurred as a result of the earthquake besides the tsunami, causing the casualties to rise (Fig. 7)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-17219008\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-300\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/image1-2.jpg\" alt=\"image1 (2)\" width=\"403\" height=\"157\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/image1-2.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/image1-2-300x117.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/image1-2-768x299.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/image1-2-1024x399.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Figure 6. The number of people missing, dead, and injured by the areas severely hit by the tsunami. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-17219008\" target=\"_blank\">&lt;http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-17219008&gt;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-377\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/image1-3.jpg\" alt=\"image1 (3)\" width=\"398\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/image1-3.jpg 1440w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/image1-3-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/image1-3-768x387.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/image1-3-1024x516.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Figure 7. Secondary Hazards and their distances from the Epicenter (<em>Sources<\/em>: Chart made by Hayat Rasul; Hazards and Locations:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/eqinthenews\/2011\/usc0001xgp\/#summary\">http:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/eqinthenews\/2011\/usc0001xgp\/#summary<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><em>Tectonic Setting of the event:\u00a0Quick\u00a0Facts<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tools.wmflabs.org\/geohack\/geohack.php?pagename=2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami&amp;params=38.322_N_142.369_E_type:event_scale:50000000\" target=\"_blank\">Epicenter<\/a>:\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">38\u00b0 19\u2032 19.2\u2033 N, 142\u00b0 22\u2032 8.4\u2033 E, North Pacific Ocean<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Date:\u00a0March 11, 2011 (3.11)<\/li>\n<li>Tectonic Boundary: Subduction zone;\u00a0North American Plate and Pacific Plate\n<ul>\n<li>(click <a href=\"http:\/\/earthguide.ucsd.edu\/eoc\/teachers\/t_tectonics\/p_subduction.html\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>\u00a0to see an animation of and learn about subduction zones)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Fault Type: Thrust fault\n<ul>\n<li>(click <a href=\"http:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/learn\/animations\/animation.php?flash_title=Thrust+Fault+Flash+Animation&amp;flash_file=thrustfault&amp;flash_width=220&amp;flash_height=320\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>\u00a0to see an animation of thrust fault motion)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Upward movement of ~30-40 m<\/li>\n<li>Largest earthquake since Dec. 1994\n<ul>\n<li>Magnitude 7.8<\/li>\n<li>3 fatalities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The interchanging of deep and shallow ground patterns in bays like Minamisanriku&#8217;s Shizugawa Bay made similar bays and this one more prone to tsunami damage\n<ul>\n<li>Water velocity increases in deep water<\/li>\n<li>Water height increases in shallow water\n<ul>\n<li>A combination of the two leads to an intense tsunami impact ashore<\/li>\n<li>Fig.8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Click <a href=\"http:\/\/walrus.wr.usgs.gov\/tsunami\/sendai11\/\">here<\/a>\u00a0to watch animations on the tsunami&#8217;s wave-height dynamics specifically for 3.11<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-383\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/Picture1.png\" alt=\"Picture1\" width=\"255\" height=\"90\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/Picture1.png 430w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/Picture1-300x106.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 255px) 100vw, 255px\" \/>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-384\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/Picture2.png\" alt=\"Picture2\" width=\"255\" height=\"90\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/Picture2.png 434w, https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/files\/2016\/06\/Picture2-300x106.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 255px) 100vw, 255px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Figure 8. The changes in tsunami dynamics as the wave\u00a0reaches the shore<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Reference:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/eqinthenews\/2011\/usc0001xgp\/#summary\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;Magnitude 9.0, USGS&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Similarities and differences between Superstorm Sandy and 3.11 (<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/atlantic_pacific\/wave-anatomy\/\">CLICK HERE<\/a>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/sample-page\/bibliography\/\" target=\"_blank\">References<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/atlantic_pacific\/tohoku-and-sandy\/\">&lt; Back to Superstorm Sandy<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Great East Japan Earthquake (3.11) The tolls taken: In Japanese, T\u014dhoku means \u201cnortheast,\u201d indicating a region of the country\u2019s largest island, Honsh\u016b. On March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake occurred off the T\u014dhoku\u00a0coast of Honsh\u016b island. (The date of the event gives it the nickname of 3.11.) The earthquake is the 4th largest in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3141,"featured_media":0,"parent":225,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-442","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/442","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=442"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/442\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/meltdownsandwaves\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}