Primary Sources:
Alexander, Michelle, National Public Radio. By Dave Davies. January 6, 2012
African Americans in Black Bottom, A History of American Life in Images and Texts, 2009.
Blinder, Alan. “Alabama Pardons 3 ‘Scottsboro Boys’ After 80 Years.” New York Times, 2013. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/22/us/with-last-3-pardons-alabama-hopes-to-put-infamous-scottsboro-boys-case-to-rest.html
Black, Roland. “Wallace’s ‘Law-Order’ Aimed At Blacks.” Chicago Daily Defender, 1968, ProQuest Historical Newspapers. https://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/493411213/4DA4771FBA58494FPQ/1?accountid=10506. Accessed December 3rd, 2019.
“Criminal Justice Facts.” The Sentencing Project. Accessed January 5th, 2020. https://www.sentencingproject.org/criminal-justice-facts/.
Caldwell, Earl. “Negroes Held Oppressed by the Law.” New York Times, 1971, ProQuest Historical Newspapers. Pg. 39. https://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/119242795/fulltextPDF/12C734C77C2B465DPQ/16?accountid=10506. Accessed December 4th, 2019.
French, Philip. “Black and white movie turns grey.” New York Times, 1993, Proquest Historical Newspapers.https://search.proquest.com/docview/477646459/4F58C38D414A4A1BPQ/1?accountid=10506. Accessed December 3rd, 2019.
Parks, Rosa. “Drafts of early writings; Accounts of her arrest and subsequent boycott, as well as general reflections on race relations in the South.” 1956, Folder 2. https://www.loc.gov/resource/mss85943.001810/?sp=2&r=0.284,0.986,0.953,0.46,0. Accessed December 4th, 2019
Theoharis, Jeanne. “Boys Never Told Grandfather About ‘Incident.’” September 15th, 1955. Johnson Publishing Company. https://rosaparksbiography.org/bio/emmett-till/. Pages 8-9. Accessed December 4th, 2019.
Washington, Linn. “U.S. drug laws have disproportionately affected Blacks.” Philadelphia Tribune, 1997, ProQuest Historical Newspapers. https://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/533214917/2DACD991664F40E7PQ/1?accountid=10506. Accessed December 3rd, 2019.
Secondary Sources:
Alexander, Michelle. The New Jim Crow – Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. The New Press, 2010.
Graff, Gilda. “Post Civil War African American History: Brief Periods of Triumph , and Then Despair.” Journal of Psychohistory (2015).
Kilgore, James. Understanding Mass Incarceration. New York, New York: The News Press, 2015.
“13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Abolition of Slavery (1865)” https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=40