{"id":72,"date":"2021-04-03T20:54:04","date_gmt":"2021-04-03T20:54:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/?page_id=72"},"modified":"2024-03-24T16:28:52","modified_gmt":"2024-03-24T16:28:52","slug":"file-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/file-2\/","title":{"rendered":"2. String Art"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-row\">\n<div class=\"su-column su-column-size-4-5\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>String Art on Polygons and Stars<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>3 versions of the Excel File: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/11\/2.String-Art-without-algebra_11_10.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.String Art<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/11\/2.String-Art-with-algebra_11_10.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.String Art (with algebra)<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/11\/2.String-Art-for-TeachersV4.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.String Art (for teachers)<\/a><\/p>\n<p>To see some of the range of images you can create using <strong>2.String Art<\/strong>,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/10\/Image-Archetypes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">click here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How it works:<\/strong> All images are created using 4 parameters: <strong><em>n<\/em><\/strong>, the <em>number<\/em> of vertices in polygon; <strong><em>S<\/em><\/strong>, the number of equally spaced <em>subdivisions<\/em> between vertices; <strong><em>P<\/em><\/strong>; the number of subdivisions between <em>points<\/em>; and <strong><em>J<\/em><\/strong>, the number of clockwise counted polygonal vertex <em>jumps<\/em>. Two parameters, <em><strong>n<\/strong><\/em> and <strong><em>J<\/em><\/strong>, create the vertex frame. Each piece of the vertex frame is subdivided into<strong><em> S<\/em> <\/strong>equal pieces. These subdivision endpoints are the only possible endpoints of segments in the image. The image is created, starting at the polygon&#8217;s top vertex, by connecting every <strong><em>P<\/em><\/strong><sup>th<\/sup> subdivision endpoint with a line from the previous endpoint until the circuit is completed by having an endpoint at the top starting point.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Old-school exercises<\/strong>: One way to learn about string art is to do some comparative examples using the <em>Pencil and Ruler<\/em> sheets to the right. Two versions are provided, one that includes the vertex frame and one that does not. Print out the sheets and make sure to use a pencil and ruler. Check your answers using the Excel file.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>About<\/em> <em>Explainers<\/em><\/strong>. Explainers are short documents (most one page, some two pages) that explain specific aspects of the file. Think of these as supplementary material that will help you better understand the file.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Notes: MA<\/strong> (<em><strong>M<\/strong>athematical <strong>A<\/strong>pproach<\/em>) explainers dive more deeply into the material and may not be accessible to primary school audiences. In PwP, the identifier<strong> E#<\/strong> identifies this material as being in Chapter # of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/books\/mono\/10.1201\/9781003402633\/electronic-string-art-stephen-erfle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ESA<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>It may be worthwhile to at least look at 2.1 while initially learning about File 2. You need not look at other explainers until you want to learn more about why an image looks the way it does. Some explainers require greater mathematical understanding but none have to be read to enjoy the file.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>E3. <\/strong>String Art basics. Creating <em><strong>S<\/strong><\/em> Subdivisions per line: 2.1a. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/09\/A-primer-on-S.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A primer on <strong><em>S<\/em><\/strong><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Drawing the image using <em><strong>P<\/strong><\/em> subdivisions between lines: 2.1b. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/09\/A-primer-on-P.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A primer on <strong><em>P<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li>An alternative explainer combining <em><strong>S<\/strong><\/em> and <em><strong>P<\/strong><\/em> (without using multiplication): 2.1c1. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Explaining-SubdivisionsV2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Explaining Subdivisions<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Additional explanation using multiplication: 2.1c2. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Subdivisions-including-multiplicative-explanationV2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Subdivisions (including multiplicative explanation)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>E4. <\/strong>Lines used, vertex common factor, <strong>VCF<\/strong>, and subdivision common factor,<strong> SCF<\/strong>: 2.2a. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/08\/2.2a.-Lines-Used-with-VCF-and-SCF-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lines Used with <strong>VCF<\/strong> and <strong>SCF<\/strong><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Vertex frame<\/em> and why lines might appear less than calculated: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/08\/2.2b.-Number-of-Lines-Take-2-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.2b. Number of Lines &#8211; Take 2<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/07\/2.2c.-Drawing-the-Vertex-Frame.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.2c. Drawing the Vertex Frame<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>MA.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/07\/2.2d.-Analyzing-Patterns-in-Continuously-Drawn-Stars.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.2d. Analyzing Patterns in Continuously Drawn Stars<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MA.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/07\/SequentialStars.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.2d2. Sequential Polygons and Stars<\/a> <em>Excel<\/em> file<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>MA.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/06\/Analytical-Approach-to-Line-Placement.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.2e. An Analytical Approach to Line Placement<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>How many distinct images can you make? <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Distinct-Images.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.2f, Symmetry about <strong><em>P<\/em><\/strong> = <em><strong>S<\/strong><\/em>*<em><strong>n<\/strong><\/em>\/2 and Distinct Images<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>E5. <\/strong>About <em>Cycles<\/em>: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/09\/2.3a.-Number-of-lines-in-a-Cycle.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.3a. Number of lines in a Cycle<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MA. <\/strong><em>Excel<\/em> file for locating placement of lines in the first cycle: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/09\/2.2c.-Tracking-Lines-in-the-First-Cycle.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.3a2. Tracking Lines in the First Cycle<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>How cycles fill in the image: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/08\/2.2d.-Number-of-times-around-images.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.3b. <em>Number-of-times-around<\/em> images<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Showing cycles on images: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/09\/2.2e.-Using-cycles-to-understand-an-image-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.3c. Using cycles to understand an image<\/a><\/li>\n<li>How <em>Image Density<\/em> relates to VCF and SCF: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/07\/Image-Density.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.3d. Image Density<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/07\/Image-Density-Take-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.3d2. Image Density, Take 2<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/07\/2.2j.-Single-Cycle-Images.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.3e. Single Cycle Images<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>E6. <\/strong>On simplifying the values that created an image: 2.4a. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Simplifying-Parameter-Values2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Simplifying Parameter Values<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>2.4b. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/03\/2.4b.-There-are-only-two-ways-to-draw-an-image.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">There are only two ways to draw an image but there are four ways to describe it<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2.4c1. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/09\/A-Primer-on-Vertical-Symmetry.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Primer on Vertical Symmetry<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>2.4c2. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/09\/Vertical-Symmetry-Take-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vertical Symmetry &#8211; Take 2<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>2.4d1. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/09\/Rotational-Symmetry-versus-Lines-of-Symmetry.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rotational Symmetry versus Lines of Symmetry<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>2.4d2. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/08\/2.Additional-points-about-lines-of-symmetry.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Additional points about Lines of Symmetry<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>E7. <\/strong>How subdivision points on the vertex frame create <em>Levels<\/em> of concentric circles: 2.5a. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Subdivisions-Create-Concentric-Circles.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Subdivisions Create Concentric Circles<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>More on concentric circles of subdivision points: 2.5b. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.One-Level-Change-Images.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>One Level Change<\/em> Images<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Level patterns across a cycle: 2.5c1. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/08\/2.6c.-Level-patterns-across-a-cycle.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Level patterns across a cycle<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MA.<\/strong> <em>Excel<\/em> file for Level patterns: 2.5c2. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/08\/2.6d.-Level-Jump-pattern-for-S-up-to-21.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Level Jump pattern for<strong><em> S<\/em><\/strong> up to 21<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2023\/10\/2.5d.-Symmetry-across-a-Cycle-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.5d. Symmetry across a Cycle<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0<strong>E8. <\/strong><em>Shape-shifting<\/em> Polygons: 2.6a. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/08\/2.7a.-Shape-shifting-Polygons.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Shape-shifting<\/em> Polygons<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Take 2, 2.6b. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/08\/2.7b.-Changing-J-to-Compare-Cycles-for-Shape-shifting-Polygons.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Changing <strong><em>J<\/em><\/strong> to Compare Cycles for <em>Shape-shifting<\/em> Polygons<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Take 3, First version 2.6c1. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/08\/2.7c-Switching-S-and-n-to-Compare-Cycles-for-Shape-shifting-Polygons-simple-version.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Switching <em><strong>S<\/strong><\/em> and <strong><em>n<\/em><\/strong> to Compare Cycles for <em>Shape-shifting<\/em> Polygons (simple version)<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Second version 2.6c2. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/08\/2.7d.-Switching-S-and-n-to-Compare-Cycles-for-Shape-shifting-Polygons-more-complex-version.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Switching <em><strong>S<\/strong><\/em> and<em><strong> n<\/strong><\/em> to Compare Cycles for<em> Shape-shifting<\/em> Polygons (more complex version)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Take 4, 2.6d. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/10\/Three-Shape-Shifting-Triangles.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Three<em> Shape-Shifting<\/em> Triangles<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>MA.<\/strong> 2.6e1. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/06\/Single-Step-Images-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Single-Step Images<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MA.<\/strong> Applying the <em>difference between squares<\/em> formula: 2.6e2. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/07\/Creating-Multiple-Single-Step-Polygons-and-Polygrams.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Creating Multiple Single-Step Polygons and Polygrams<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2023\/10\/2.6f.-Kicking-the-tires-of-3SST.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.6f. Kicking the tires of 3SST<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>E9. <\/strong>An overarching question: <strong><em>How can you find similar images?<\/em> <\/strong>Here is an example: 2.7a. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/PART_1_Star-In-Star.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Finding Similar Images: A Star In a Star<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>On being an Image Detective (with Challenge Questions): 2.7b1. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Reverse-Engineering-an-Image.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Reverse Engineering an Image<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Image Detective: Take 2, 2.7b2. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Additional-Image-Detective-Strategies.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Additional Image Detective Strategies<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Considering how the curve got there: 2.7c. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/08\/Curves-from-Lines-and-Points.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Curves from Lines and Points<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Using <em>Drawn Lines<\/em> to explore the image: 2.7d. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/08\/Smallest-Step-Images.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Smallest-Step Images<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2023\/10\/2.7e.-Comparing-Single-Step-with-Smallest-Step-using-3SST.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.7e. Comparing Single-Step with Smallest-Step using 3 Shape-Shifting Triangles<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2023\/10\/2.7f.-Pushing-the-Bounds-of-an-Image-Type.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.7f. Pushing the Bounds of an Image Type<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2023\/10\/2.7g.-Using-Shape-Shifting-Stars-to-Explore-Curves-from-Lines.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.7g. Using Shape-Shifting Stars to Explore Curves from Lines<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>E10. <\/strong>Functionally modified String Art files can help you find similarity in images: 2.8a. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/09\/Functionally-Enabling-n-S-P-and-J.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Functionally Enabling <em><strong>n<\/strong><\/em>, <em><strong>S<\/strong><\/em>, <em><strong>P<\/strong><\/em>, and <em><strong>J<\/strong><\/em><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0Waves of images and the <em>Donut Hole<\/em>: 2.8b1.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/07\/2.6e.-Analyzing-Waves-of-Images.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Analyzing Waves of Images<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MA. <\/strong>2.8b2i. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/07\/Automating-P-to-Avoid-the-Donut-Hole.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Automating <em><strong>P<\/strong><\/em> to Avoid the <em>Donut Hole<\/em><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MA.<\/strong> Subdivision numbered and automated <em><strong>P<\/strong><\/em> <em>Excel<\/em> file: 2.8b2ii. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/07\/String-Art-Numbered-Dots-and-P-no-Donut-.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">String-Art-Numbered Dots and <em><strong>P<\/strong><\/em> no Donut<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Other uses for the automated <em><strong>P<\/strong><\/em> file: 2.8b3. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/09\/Exploring-Modified-Brunes-Stars.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Exploring Modified Brunes Stars<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Placing the first line part of the way around the circle: 2.8ci. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/09\/Partial-Way-Around-Images.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Partial Way Around Images<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Excel<\/em> file: 2.8cii. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/09\/String-Art-numbered-subdivisions-P-Fractional-Around-Circle.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">String-Art-numbered subdivisions P Fractional Around Circle<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Automating <em><strong>S<\/strong><\/em> and <em><strong>P<\/strong><\/em>: 2,8di. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/09\/Pulsing-Polygons.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pulsing Polygons<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Excel<\/em> file: 2.8dii. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/09\/String-Art-functional-S-pulsing-images.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">String-Art-functional <em><strong>S<\/strong><\/em> (<em>Pulsing images<\/em>)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>MA.\u00a0<\/strong>2.8ei. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/06\/Polygons-and-Stars-in-a-Cycle.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Polygons and Stars in a Cycle<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MA.<\/strong> Functionally modified <em>Excel<\/em> file: 2.8eii. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/06\/String-Art-S_and_P_Linear_Functions.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">String-Art-<em><strong>S<\/strong><\/em>_and_<em><strong>P<\/strong><\/em>_Linear_Functions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>E11. <\/strong>Named images: Click here for examples of <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/10\/Image-Archetypes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Image Archetypes<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Curved-tip stars: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/09\/2.Curved-tip-Stars-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.Curved-tip Stars<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Near-halfway images on polygons: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Porcupine-Polygons.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.Porcupine Polygons<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Near-halfway images on stars: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Porcupine-Stars-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.Porcupine Stars<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Sunburst polygons: Take 1, <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Sunbursts.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.Sunbursts<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Take 2, <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Additional-Sunburst-Polygons.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.Additional Sunburst Polygons<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Quivering polygons: Take 1, <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Quivering-Polygons.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.Quivering Polygons<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Take 2, <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Quivering-Polygons-Take-2-Role-of-J.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.Quivering Polygons: The role of <em><strong>J<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li>Take 3, <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Quivering-Polygons-Take-3-S-vs-P.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.Quivering Polygons: On the relative size of <em><strong>S<\/strong><\/em> and<em><strong> P<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>MA<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/07\/On-Quivering-Polygons-Peak-Rotation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.On Quivering Polygons Peak Rotation<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Odd needle stars: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Odd-Needle-Stars.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.Odd Needle Stars<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Spinning stars: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/08\/2.Spinning-Needle-Stars.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.Spinning Needle Stars<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Take 2, <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/08\/2.Spinning-Needle-Star-Even-and-Odd-Dancing-Partners.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.Spinning Needle Stars: Even and Odd Dancing Partners<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Ultra-needles: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/10\/Ultra-Needles-and-SLD-mode-v2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ultra-Needles and <em>SLD<\/em> mode<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Stacked circles: Take 1,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Stacked-CirclesV2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.Stacked Circles<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Take 2, <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Stacked-Circles-Take-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.Stacked Circles &#8211; Take 2<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Take 3: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.StackedCirclesTake3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.Stacked Circles &#8211; Take 3<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Chrysanthemums: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Chrysanthemums.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.Chrysanthemums<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2023\/10\/2.-Clothespins-as-Spinning-Needle-Stars-Turned-Inside-Out.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2. Clothespins as Spinning Needle Stars Turned Inside-Out<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2023\/10\/2.-Can-you-find-Similar-Images.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2. Can you find Similar Images<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>E12.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>n<\/strong><\/em> = <em><strong>P<\/strong><\/em>, a special class of images: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/08\/Introduction-to-n-P.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.10 Introduction to <em><strong>n<\/strong><\/em> = <em><strong>P<\/strong><\/em><\/a> . Examples of <em><strong>n<\/strong><\/em> = <em><strong>P<\/strong><\/em> Images: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/08\/nP-Image-Archetypes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong>2.10 n<\/strong><\/em>=<em><strong>P<\/strong><\/em> Image Archetypes<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Drawing the elusive 6,2 star: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/08\/Creating-Divisible-Stars.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.10 Creating Divisible Stars<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/08\/2.-Small-Images.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.10 Small Images<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/08\/2.-Counting-Strands-and-Loops.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.10 Counting Strands and Loops<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/08\/Two-Footballs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.10 Two Footballs<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MA. <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/08\/Modular-Analysis-of-Two-Footballs-Cycles.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.10 Modular Analysis of Two Footballs Cycles<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>A Quivering \u2206 that is 3 <em>Shape-Shifting<\/em> \u2206s and more: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/08\/Variations-on-Quivering-Triangles.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.10 Variations on Quivering Triangles<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/08\/Finger-Traps.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.10 Finger Traps<\/a><\/li>\n<li>About seemingly parallel curves: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/08\/Suspension-curves.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.10 Suspension curves<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/08\/Generalized-Stars.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.10 Generalized Stars<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/08\/n-P-Porcupines.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.10\u00a0<em><strong> n<\/strong><\/em> = <em><strong>P<\/strong><\/em> Porcupines<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>MA. Excel file: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/08\/2.10-Tracking-Line-Locations-up-to-560-lines.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.10-Tracking Line Locations (up to 560 lines)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The two worksheets in this file introduce the idea behind Aestheometry, or string art, on a polygon. The file adds two additional variables, <strong><em>S<\/em><\/strong> and <strong><em>P<\/em><\/strong>, to the two introduced in <strong>1.Polygons and Stars<\/strong>, <strong><em>n<\/em><\/strong> and <strong><em>J<\/em><\/strong>. The first sheet, <strong>Subdivisions<\/strong>, focuses attention on <em><strong>S<\/strong><\/em>, <em>the number of subdivisions between vertices<\/em> (with <strong><em>P<\/em><\/strong> in the background) and the second sheet, <strong>Points<\/strong>, allows independent manipulation of <strong><em>S<\/em><\/strong> and <strong><em>P,<\/em><\/strong><em> the number of subdivisions between points.<\/em> A wide range of images are possible as a result. The <strong>Points<\/strong> sheet includes click boxes that allow the user to show or hide attributes of the image as well as vertex labels. The vertex labels are useful for those interested in discussing notions of symmetry as well as a number of other issues.<\/p>\n<p>The <em>Explainers<\/em> above provide a reasonably complete view of what you need to understand this file. They can be thought of as short sections, suitable for use as handouts, that provide annotated primers on the distinction between subdivisions, <strong><em>S<\/em><\/strong>, and points, <strong><em>P<\/em><\/strong> as well as a discussion of a number of other topics. Many of the issues discussed in these documents apply to the other files in <strong>PART I<\/strong>, sometimes with minor modifications as will be noted on those files.<\/p>\n<p><strong>E13. MA. 60-Second Images: <\/strong>One particularly interesting set of images are created in 60 cycles with each cycle ending one vertex past the start of the cycle. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.playingwithpolygons.com?vertex=60&amp;subdivisions=12&amp;points=149&amp;jumps=29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">This 720 line 60-second image is a 12-point spinning star.<\/a>\u00a0<em> The Ticking Clock<\/em> is 6-page paper, longer than other explainers but it could be viewed as a quick way into the discussion above.<\/p>\n<p>Paper: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/05\/The-Ticking-Clock.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Ticking Clock<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Excel file opening to show first cycle of 12-point spinning star: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/04\/String-Art-MMI.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">String-Art-MMI<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The first half of this paper quickly covers the basics of electronic string art (discussed in the <em>explainers<\/em> above) and the last half focuses attention on what is required to create 60-second images. In short, <em><strong>P<\/strong><\/em> and<em><strong> J<\/strong><\/em> must be modular multiplicative inverses MOD 60. You can read more about MMI in the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/mathematics-employed-in-pwp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mathematical Odds and Ends<\/a> page. If interested, you can compare the above 6-page paper to the final 8-page paper presented at<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.bridgesmathart.org\/2023\/bridges2023-243.html#gsc.tab=0\"> Bridges 2023<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>MA.<\/strong> This provides an alternate view of 60-Second images using 2.8. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/06\/60-Polygons-and-Stars.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">60 Polygons and Stars<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-5\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><strong>EXTRA MATERIALS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/09\/12.-Glossary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1&amp;2. <strong>GLOSSARY<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>FOR USERS<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Pencil and Ruler<\/em> Exercises<\/p>\n<p>-About Vertex Frame <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/10\/2.PR-Vertex-Frame.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VF<\/a><\/p>\n<p>-About <strong><em>n<\/em><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/10\/n-showing-VF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">with VF<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/10\/2.PandR_n.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">no VF<\/a><\/p>\n<p>-About <strong><em>J<\/em><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/10\/PandR_J_VF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">with VF<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/10\/PR-Changing-J.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">no VF<\/a><\/p>\n<p>-About <em><strong>S <\/strong><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/10\/PandR_S-VF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">with VF<\/a> \u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/10\/PandR_Sv2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">no VF<\/a><\/p>\n<p>-About <strong><em>P<\/em><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/10\/PandR_P_VF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">with VF<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/10\/2.PR-Changing-P.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">no VF<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Short Videos<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/7H1DKnoDC_k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">About S, part 1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/CFeK8q-7mpM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">About S, part 2<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/6ZQUVVXLGYA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Introduction to P<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>E14.<\/strong> Challenge Questions<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Challenge-QuestionsV2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.Image matching<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/08\/2.Octagonal-symmetry.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.Octagonal symmetry<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/07\/2.Area-Challenge-Questions.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.Area calculations<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/08\/2.Eight-point-Brunes-star.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.Eight-point Brunes star<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/09\/2.CQImageDetectiveA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.Image Detective A<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/09\/2.CQImageDetectiveb.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.Image Detective B<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/08\/Two-Footballs-CQ.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.Two Footballs<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/09\/Modified-Brunes-Star-Internal-Squares.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.Modified Brunes Star Internal Squares<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2022\/09\/Areas-of-Internal-Squares-in-MBS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.Areas of Internal Squares in MBS<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>FOR INSTRUCTORS<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Instructor Excel File<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/09\/2.Quick-Start-Guide2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&#8211; 2.Quick-Start Guide<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Additional Material<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/09\/2.Dots-To-Image-Worksheets.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.Dots To Image Worksheets<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/08\/2.-Common-Core-Standards-Met-by-Grade.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2. <em>Common Core Standards<\/em> Met by Grade<\/a><\/p>\n<p>James Marks explains symmetry<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/08\/2.Lines-of-Symmetry.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lines of Symmetry<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/files\/2021\/08\/2.5c.-Rotational-Symmetry.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rotational Symmetry<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1719,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-fullwidth.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-72","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","post-preview"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/72","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1719"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/72\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/playing-with-polygons\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}