Author Archives: quillbot

Germany and Waste Reduction

Posted on by
Reply

Several towns in Germany, such as Hörstein, a small town in North Bavaria, have a system for waste disposal in which the garbage produced by each household is weighed, and then the household is charged per kilogram of waste they produce. This incentivizes German citizens to cut their garbage production as much as possible.

This practice could be extended to the United States. Like all infrastructure projects, there would be a cost associated with starting the program, but it would quickly begin to pay off. America currently leads the nations in terms of plastic waste produced per year, and it is reported that the main reason most Americans recycle as little as they do is a lack of convenient and available means to recycle.  Some people are all-inclusive in what they throw into the recycling bins, but that only makes it harder to sort the trash out from the recycling, and sometimes the contents of the entire bin are resigned to the landfill rather than going through the labor of separating them. 

Therefore, in the United States, this development would have to be accompanied by a push for more effective recycling and waste partitioning, following Germany’s model.  A major hinderance of this in the United States would be the fact that this country does not have the same emphasis on recycling and partitioning of different types of waste.  However, implementing this system would give people and companies an incentive to partition waste to be less wasteful.  The hardest obstacle to overcome would be at the governmental level, since the reason there is less recycling in America is because America does not have the infrastructure to recycle most products and has a single-stream recycling system that requires less thought from consumers but creates more labor at the recycling plant.  This could be combatted by including a fee for loads of contaminated recycling, though that would be more difficult to establish.

In the US, this would still face more backlash than it does in Germany, because of the American psyche generally being against government oversight, while most Germans tend to be more educated and therefore more contentious about environmental oversight and regulation.  However, this is where America’s subdivided local government could allow progress to happen faster. In settings that are already more environmentally conscious, the local legislature would be able to establish systems like these with less difficulty than it would take to spread the system across the entire country. As long as the financial benefit for complying with new waste disposal standards is enough to have an impact, the system of charging per pound of trash thrown away will make people choose to reduce waste on their own.

Sources: 

https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/national-overview-facts-and-figures-materials

ecowatch.com/us-recycling-industry-2652630035.html

How Waste Management in Germany is Changing the Game

Akte im Freien by Max Pechstein

Posted on by
Reply

Akte im Freien, literally translated as “Nudes in the Open,” but known by the English title, “Under the Trees,” was painted by German artist Max Pechstein in 1911 as part of the German art movement Die Brücke.  Die Brücke, or “The Bridge” was founded in 1905 by Erich Heckel, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, and Max Pechstein, and it is acknowledged as the birth of expressionism. Expressionism is characterized by somewhat flat figures rendered with large strokes in bold and sometimes clashing colors. The rougher brushwork and more aggressive colors are meant to challenge the existing status quo of popular art and portray a more authentic depth of feeling.  Munch’s “The Scream” is the most iconic work of expressionism, though Munch himself was not part of Die Brücke. 

In Germany, Die Brücke named themselves because they intended to be a bridge between the past and present. None of the four founding members had a traditional art background, reflected in their avant-garde applications of paint. However, they wanted to uphold the traditions of German art by combining classic techniques in new ways, such as experimentation with printmaking and oil paint.  

In this painting, Pechstein portrays a group of four naked women in warm orange tones, milling in the shade of a dark green tree.  Nudity was a common subject in the movement, as the expressionist philosophy considered it to be natural and authentic.  “Under the Trees” renders the women’s faces in little detail, with most of the definition going into the lines of the body.  However, the women are not in sexualized positions and seem to be going about their business, not even facing the viewer.  Their bodies are emphasized as natural, rendered in the same warm tones as the sandy landscape.  In this bright landscape of yellow, red, and orange, the overhanging trees provide color contrast and visual relief from the bright, hot colors.  It emphasizes the peaceful element of the natural settings with deep blues and greens that seem to cool off the landscape.  Trees are rare in expressionist art, but in this painting the natural setting seems to fit the free figures.  It’s an intensely vivid setting that is brighter and happier than most settings in the movement. In the German title, “Freien” refers to the open air environment, but “frei” literally means free.  Outside of the increasingly industrialized world, Pechstein shows figures that have embraced nature and are able to freely express themselves.  

Sources: 

https://www.theartstory.org/movement/die-brucke/

https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/die-brucke-the-bridge#:~:text=The%20artists’%20group%20Die%20Br%C3%BCcke,and%20provoke%20an%20emotional%20response.