The second founding can only be understood as part of a much longer debate about rights, democracy, and equality, one that continues to this day. –Eric Foner, SECOND FOUNDING (2019), p. 20
Colorized image of the 1851 Christiana “riot” (UGRR Handbook / NPS and House Divided Project)
Select Terms from the Fugitive Crisis of the 1850s
- Freedom seekers vs. fugitive slaves
- Fugitive Slave clause (Art. IV Sec. 2) vs. Fugitive Slave laws (1793, 1850)
- Fugitive slave commissioners vs. kidnappers
- Personal liberty vs. slave stealing laws
- Rendition vs. Recaption
- Supreme Court: Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842), Abelman v. Booth (1859)
- Vigilance committees vs. Underground Railroad
- Some People to remember: George Alberti, Richard McAllister, Addison White
Select Terms from the Border Crisis of the 2020s
- Asylum seeker vs. refugee // undocumented immigrants vs. illegal aliens
- National Origins Act (1924) // Hart-Celler Act (1965) // Immigration Reform (1986)
- Homeland Security (DHS) and ICE (US Immigration and Customs Enforcement)
- Sanctuary cities, sanctuary states // Blue states vs. Red states
- Removal (deportation) vs. return (self-deportation)
- Supreme Court: Trump v. CASA (birthright), Noem v. Al Otro Lado (asylum)
- ACLU and advocacy (resistance) groups (Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights)
- Some People to remember: Tom Homan, Greg Bovino, Kilmar Abrego Garcia
