Author Archives: Leda Fisher

Further Readings

Lasly, Mary. “Sac and Fox Tales.” The Journal of American Folklore.  Vol. 15, No. 58 American Folklore Society (Jul. – Sep., 1902), pp. 170-17. Lewis, Orrin. Sac and Fox Culture and History. Website, 1998. Accessed May 15, 2017. http://www.native-languages.org/sac-fox.htm Lookingbill, Brad. “Sac … Continue reading

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Critical Commentary

Sadie Ingalls’ origin story is concise, but filled with meaning. Themes of sin invade the text, as does the conflict between the individual and the community in this carefully worded yet ambiguous piece. Sadie’s crow suffers several faults. First, he forgets … Continue reading

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Historical and Cultural Context

Sadie M. Ingalls was a member of the Sac (Sauk) and Fox Tribe in Oklahoma. There are three recognized Sac and Fox groups in the US: The tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa, the nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska, … Continue reading

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Sadie M. Ingalls (Po-Naw-Po-Qua) Sac and Fox

Biography|Historical and Cultural Context|Critical Commentary|Further Reading Why Crows Are Black Once upon a time there lived a crow with some of his friends. Since their provisions were nearly all gone, his friends decided to go out hunting and the crow was obliged … Continue reading

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Biography

Sadie M. Ingalls, or Po-Naw-po-qua, was born October 12, 1890 in Oklahoma to two members of the Sac and Fox Tribe, Horace, or Pe-shaw-kaw Ingalls and Maddie, or Ash-kaw-soque Seals. Her father died of tuberculosis before Sadie enrolled in Carlisle. … Continue reading

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