Journal of Buddhist Ethics

ISSN:1076-9005
Volume 5, 1998

Abortion in Thailand: a Feminist Perspective

Malee Lerdmaleewong, R.N., M.N
Bangkok, Thailand

and

Caroline Francis, B.A., M.A.
Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand

The objectives of this paper are threefold: (1) To examine the abortion debate in Thailand, identifying issues raised by Thai feminist scholars about the status of women; (2) To overview some of the more prominent feminist arguments regarding abortion (particularly those written by Canadian and American scholars) as a tool for defining women’s reproductive rights; and (3) To focus on a study of attitudes toward abortion among health care personnel and post-induced abortion patients in Bangkok, Thailand in order to discern the degree of support (if any) for feminist abortion arguments.

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ISSN:1076-9005
Volume 5 1995

Changing Master Narratives in Midstream: Barlaam and Josaphat and the Growth of Religious Intolerance in the Buddhalegend’s Westward Journey

Graeme MacQueen
McMaster University

As the legend of the Buddha moved into Europe in the medieval period in the form of the story of the Christian saints Barlām and Josaphat it became marked for the first time by deep religious intolerance. The article find this structural shift to have been accomplished through two separate but integrated moves: a master narrative of emancipation through enlightenment is replaced by a master narrative of salvation through faith, and a model of religions as linked and overlapping is replaced by a perception of religions as closed systems that compete with and endanger each other.

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ISSN:1076-9005
Volume 5, 1998

Working in the Right Spirit: The Application of Buddhist Right Livelihood in the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order

Martin Baumann
University of Hannover

This paper shall concentrate on adaptive forms with regard to the interpretation of Buddhist economic ethics in the West as presented by Western Buddhists. A brief outline of ethics in Buddhist teachings will be followed by a presentation of Weber’s image of the “world withdrawn Buddhist,” allegedly not involved in any social and economic activities. Buddhist ethics, as portrayed by Weber, nowhere promotes socio-political engagement and entrepreneurial activities. Contrary to Weber’s stereotyped view, which was widely accepted but rarely questioned, members of The Friends of the Western Buddhist Order have started to develop businesses and cooperatives, thus combining Buddhist teachings and involvement in the world. Their team-based Right Livelihood endeavors already have created a Buddhist economy on a small scale; their ultimate aim is to bring about a transformation of Western society. Thus, supposedly “world withdrawn Buddhists” have become socio-economically active in the Western world.

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ISSN:1076–9005
Volume 5, 1998

Echoes of Nalinika: A Monk in the Dock

Enid Adam
Edith Cowan University

How can Nalinika, one of the Buddhist Jātaka tales, be used in the Perth District Court in Perth, Western Australia, as an illustration in the defence of a Buddhist monk from Sri Lanka? In the dock sat Pannasara Kahatapitye, a high-ranking monk from Colombo, facing eleven charges of sexual assault. Was this a case of cultural, religious, and political bias and misunderstanding, or of a monk breaking monastic vows and practicing immorally? Was this man a charlatan or a genuine monk being framed by dissident Sinhalese groups in Australia? Over ten days the drama developed as evidence was given before judge and jury. Throughout, the accused sat motionless in the dock, smiling benignly at all in the courtroom. Innocent or guilty? This paper describes how the issues were resolved as seen from the author’s role as a consultant to the crown prosecutor, and examines their implications for the general Buddhist community in Western Australia.

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ISSN:1076–9005
Volume 5 1995

Buddhism and the Morality of Abortion

Michael G. Barnhart
Kingsborough, CUNY

It is quite clear from a variety of sources that abortion has been severely disapproved of in the Buddhist tradition. It is also equally clear that abortion has been tolerated in Buddhist Japan and accommodated under exceptional circumstances by some modern Buddhists in the UṢ. Those sources most often cited that prohibit abortion are Theravādin and ancient. By contrast, Japanese Buddhism as well as the traditions out of which a more lenient approach emerges are more recent and Mahāyāna traditions. Buddhism itself, therefore, speaks with more than one moral voice on this issue, and furthermore, the nature of the moral debate may have important applications for similarly situated others and constitute an enlargement of the repertoire of applicable moral theories and rationales.

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SSN:1076-9005
Volume 5, 1998

Abortion, Ambiguity, and Exorcism

William R. LaFleur
University of Pennsylvania

In Japan, persons who have had abortions but believe that a fetus has more value than merely disposable matter may act on that belief, most commonly by making a ritual apology to the spiritual aspect of the fetus, referred to as a mizuko or “child of the waters.” R. Zwi Werblowsky wrote a scathing attack on the practice of mizuko kuyô across the board, claiming that it has been nothing more than a scam from beginning to end. And now, in Marketing the Menacing Fetus in Japan, Helen Hardacre has given us a study which, in essence, makes much the same claim. The issues Hardacre raises are important, not just for an understanding of Japanese religion but because of what they may tell us about the state of our own debates in North America. By this I mean not only our debates about abortion but also about religion, especially as expressed in societies different from our own.

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ISSN:1076-9005
Volume 5, 1998

Ethics in the Lotus Sūtra

Introduced By Robert E. Florida
Brandon University

Rissho Kosei Kai organised an international conference on the Lotus Sūtra that was held in Bandaiso, Japan, in July of 1997. Twelve scholars from Europe, North America and Japan met together for three days in a pleasant retreat centre to discuss various issues and themes in the Lotus Sūtra. Five of the papers, those by Robert Florida, Damien Keown, John R.A.Mayer, Peggy Morgan, and Gene Reeves, seemed to fit nicely into the mandate of the Journal of Buddhist Ethics, and they are being presented here together.

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ISSN:1076–9005
Volume 5, 1998

The Lotus Sūtra and Health Care Ethics

Robert E. Florida
Brandon University

In the last several years there has been an increase in interest in the field of Buddhist ethics, particularly health care ethics. In this paper I will review the medical implications found in the Lotus Sūtra. I will first discuss some general ethical principles that apply in health care with reference to the Lotus Sūtra, and then go on to specific references in the sūtra to medicine.

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ISSN:1076–9005
Volume 5 1998

Paternalism in the Lotus Sūtra

Damien Keown
Goldsmiths College, University of London

Medical and other analogies which depict the Buddha as a physician or wise parent are found in the Lotus Sūtra and are common in Buddhist literature.  To what extent does this image of the wise father-figure encourage paternalism in Buddhist ethics? Making reference to the approach to medical ethics developed by Beauchamp and Childress (the “four principles”), this paper discusses the ethics of the Lotus Sūtra in the light of debate about the justifiability of paternalism in contemporary medical practice.  It offers a critique of what appears to be an incipient moral paternalism in Mahāyāna Buddhism which manifests itself in a particular development of the concept of skillful means.  It is suggested that Buddhist sources which apply the concept of skillful means to normative ethics may be characterized as “paternalist” insofar as the principle of beneficence is allowed undue predominance over respect for autonomy.

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SSN:1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Reflections on the Threefold Lotus Sūtra

John R.A. Mayer
Brock University

The Threefold Lotus Sūtra provides some very illuminating insights with respect to many of the debates and oppositions which take place in late twentieth-century Western philosophy. The present paper represents reflections on how this Mahāyāna text is applicable to issues in contemporary philosophy.

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ISSN:1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Ethics and the Lotus Sūtra

Peggy Morgan
Westminster College, University of Oxford

This paper seeks to introduce and reflect upon not only some important ethical issues that emerge in any consideration of this important text, the Lotus Sūtra, but also the many different ways in which this and other questions can be approached in the study of religions. Demonstrably an area or dimension of a religion such as ethics is inextricably related to the other dimensions of religious life such as narratives, doctrines, experience, rituals and even the visual arts. It is also inextricably linked with the distinctive interpretations of the religious communities whose text it is, as well as scholarly dialogue where questions and insights may be a part of the environment within which traditions themselves skillfully adapt and change.

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ISSN:1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Appropriate Means as an Ethical Doctrine in the Lotus Sūtra

Gene Reeves
Rikkyo University

In this paper I claim that upāya or hōben in the Lotus Sūtra, contrary to how it has often been translated and understood, is an ethical doctrine, the central tenet of which is that one should not do what is expedient but rather what is good, the good being what will actually help someone else, which is also known as bodhisattva practice. Further, the doctrine of hōben is relativistic. No doctrine, teaching, set of words, mode of practice, etc. can claim absoluteness or finality, as all occur within and are relative to some concrete situation. But some things, doing the right thing in the right situation, can be efficacious, sufficient for salvation.

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Buddhism in Contemporary Tibet: Religious Revival and Cultural Identity. Edited By Melvyn C. Goldstein and Matthew T. Kapstein. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998, 235 pages, paperback ISBN: 0520211316, US $15.95, cloth ISBN: 0520211308, US$40.00.

Reviewed by Cathy Cantwell

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

A Brief History of Buddhist Studies in Europe and America. By J. W. de Jong. Tokyo: Koosei Publishing Company, 1997, 184 pages, ISBN: 4333017629, US $19.95. 

Reviewed by John S. Strong

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Simply Being: Texts in the Dzogchen Tradition. By James Low. London: Vajra Press, 1998, xxiii +179 pages, ISBN: 0953284506, n.p.

Reviewed by Sam van Schaik

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Bouddhismes, philosophies et religions. By Bernard Faure. Flammarion, 1998, 285 pages, ISBN: 2080355201, 110,00 FF (US $15.00).

Reviewed by Francis Brassard

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Women in the Footsteps of the Buddha: Struggle for Liberation in the Therigatha. By Kathryn R. Blackstone, Curzon Critical Studies in Buddhism, The Curzon Press, 1998, xiii + 185 pages, ISBN: 0-7007-0962-2.

Reviewed by Nancy J. Barnes

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Tibetan Lives. Three Himalayan Autobiographies. Edited By Peter Richardus. Richmond: Curzon Press, 1998, xxviii + 223 pages, ISBN 0-7007-1023-X (cloth), UK £40.00.

In the Presence of My Enemies. Memoirs of Tibetan Nobleman Tsipon Shuguba. By Sumner Carnahan & Lama Kunga Rinpoche. Santa Fe: Clear Light Press, 1995, xvii + 238 pages, ISBN 0-9406-6662-6 (paper), US $14.95.

Reviewed by Toni Huber

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

The Zen Poetry Of Dōgen: Verses from the Mountain of Eternal Peace. By Steven Heine. Boston: Charles E. Tuttle Co. Inc., 1997, viii + 183 pages, ISBN: 0-8048-3107-6, US $14.95.

Reviewed by Taigen Dan Leighton

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Zen in Medieval Vietnam: A Study and Translation of the Thien Uyen Tap Anh. By Cuong Tu Nguyen. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1997, 488 pages, ISBN 0-8248-1948-9, US$55.00.

Reviewed by Peter C. Phan

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Toward An Environmental Ethic in Southeast Asia. Edited by Peter Gyallay-Pap and Ruth Bottomley. Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia: The Buddhist Institute, 1998, 183 pages, US$20.00.

Reviewed by Donald K. Swearer

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Kar gling zhi khro: A Tantric Buddhist Concept. By Henk Blezer. Leiden: CNWS Publications, Vol. 56, 1997, viii + 249 pages, ISBN 90-73782-85-6.

Reviewed by Robert Mayer

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Deutsche Buddhisten: Geschichte und Gemeinschaften. By Martin Baumann. Marburg: diagonal-Verlag, 1995, 465 pages, ISBN 3-927165-32-8 (paper), DM 58.

Reviewed by Frank J. Korom

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

The Buddhist Doctrine of Momentariness: A Survey of the Origins and Early Phase of This Doctrine Up to Vasubandhu, Alt- und Neu-Indische Studien Nr. 47. By Alexander von Rospatt. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1995, 285 pages, ISBN 3-515-06528-8.

Reviewed By John Powers

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Geistige Heimat im Buddhismus aus Tibet: Eine empirische Studie am Beispiel der Kagyuepas in Deutschland. By Eva Sabine Saalfrank. Ulm: Fabri Verlag, 1997, viii + 529 + xxx pages, ISBN 3-931997-05-7, DM/SFr 34.

Reviewed by Elke Hahlbohm-Helmus

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ISSN 1076-9005
Valume 5 1998

Big Sky Mind: Buddhism and the Beat Generation. Edited by Carole Tonkinson, with Introduction by Stephen Prothero. New York: Riverhead Books, 1995, 387 pages, ISBN: 1-5732-2501-0, US $15.00.

Reviewed by Richard Hughes Seager

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

A History of Tibetan Painting: The Great Tibetan Painters and Their Traditions,Beiträge zur Kultur- und Geistesgeschichte Asiens Nr. 15. By David Jackson. Wein: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1996, 432 pages, includes 70 color plates, 210 line drawings, and a black and white fold-out map, ISBN 3-7001-2224-1, US $140.00.

Reviewed by Ian Harris

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Mothers and Sons in Chinese Buddhism. By Alan Cole. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998, 292 pages, ISBN: 0-8047-3152-7, US$49.50.

Reviewed By Charles B. Jones

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Popular Buddhism in Japan: Shin Buddhist Religion and Culture. By Esben Andreasen. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1998, 199 pages, ISBN: 0-8248-2027-4 (cloth), US$39.00, ISBN: 0-8248-2028-2 (paperback), US$22.95.

Reviewed by Charles B. Jones

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Tibetan Art: Towards a Definition of Style. Edited By Jane Casey Singer and Philip Denwood. London: Laurence King, 1997, 319 pages, ISBN: 1-8566-9099-7, £65 (cloth).

Reviewed by Ian Harris

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Buddhism and Ecology: The Interconnection of Dharma and Deeds. By Mary Evelyn Tucker and Duncan Williams. Harvard University Center for the Study of World Religions, 1997, xlii + 467 pages, ISBN: 0-945454-13-9 (cloth, US$29.95), ISBN: 0-945454-14-7 (paper, US$19.95).

Reviewed by Paul Waldau

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Hōnens Buddhismus des Reinen Landes: Reform, Reformation oder Häresie?. By Christoph Kleine. Bern, Berlin, et al.: Peter Lang, 1996, xiii + 427 pages pages, ISBN 3-631-49852-7, DM 108.

Reviewed by Gregor Paul

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Forest Recollections: Wandering Monks in Twentieth-Century Thailand. By Kamala Tiyavanich. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1997, xxi + 410 pages, ISBN 0-8248-1781-8, US$29.95.

Reviewed By Tessa Bartholomeusz

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Zen at War. By Brian (Daizen) A. Victoria. New York & Tokyo: Weatherhill, 1997, xii + 228 pages, ISBN 0-8348-0405-0, $19.95.

Reviewed by Fabio Rambelli

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Buddhism and Human Rights. Edited By Damien V. Keown, Charles S. Prebish, and Wayne R. Husted. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1998, xxi + 239 pages pages, ISBN: 0-7007-0954-1, US $40.00.

Reviewed by Donald K. Swearer

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Lack and Transcendence: The Problem of Death and Life in Psychotherapy, Existentialism, and Buddhism. By David Loy. Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities Press International, 1996, 248 pages, ASIN 0391038605, US $49.95.

Reviewed by Michael F. Stoeber

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Tibetan Culture in the Diaspora, Papers Presented at a Panel of the 7th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Graz 1995. Edited By Frank J. Korom. Vienna: Verlag derÖsterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1997, 119 pages, ISBN 3-7001-2659-X, $56.80.

Reviewed by Christian von Somm

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Consecration of Images and Stūpas in Indo-Tibetan Tantric Buddhism. By Yael Bentor. Brill’s Indological Library Vol. 11. Edited By Johannes Bronkhorst. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996, xxii + 415 pages, ISBN 90-04-10541-7.

Reviewed by Gareth Sparham

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Buddhism in America: Proceedings of the First Buddhism in America Conference. Compiled By Al Rapaport. Edited By Brian D. Hotchkiss. Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Co., Inc., 1998, xv + 568 pages, ISBN 0-8048-3152-1, $29.95.

Reviewed by Charles S. Prebish

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Sisters in Solitude: Two Traditions of Buddhist Monastic Ethics for Women. By Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1996, xii + 198 pages, ISBN 0-7914-3089-8 (Cloth). $59.50, 0-7914-3090-1 (Paper), $19.95.

Reviewed by Charles S. Prebish

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

The Heart of Being: Moral and Ethical Teachings of Zen Buddhism. By John Daido Loori. Boston: Charles E.Tuttle, 1996, 267 pages, ISBN0-8048-3078-9, $16.95.

Reviewed by Damien Keown

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Buddhism in Bath: Adaptation and Authority. By Helen Waterhouse. Leeds: Monograph Series, Community Religions Project, University of Leeds, 1997, 251 pages, ISBN 1-871363-05, £9.

Reviewed by David Kay

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Opening the Lotus. By Sandy Boucher. Boston: Beacon Press, 1997, 224 pages, ISBN: 0-8070-7308-3, $20.

Reviewed by Sandra Bell

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Relics, Ritual and Representation in Buddhism: Rematerializing the Sri Lankan Theravada Tradition. By Kevin Trainor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, xiv + 223 pages, ISBN 0-521-5820-6, $60.00.

Reviewed by Tessa Bartholomeusz

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Le Culte du Néant, Les Philosophes et Le Bouddha. By Roger-Pol Droit. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1997, 361 pages, ISBN 2-02-012507-2, 140 FF.

Reviewed by Alioune Koné

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

The Book of Enlightened Masters: Western Teachers in Eastern Traditions. By Andrew Rawlinson. Chicago and La Salle, Illinois: Open Court, 1997, 650 pages, ISBN 0-8126-9310-8.

Reviewed by David Kinsley

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Bauddhavidyāsudhkaraḥ. Studies in Honour of Heinz Bechert on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday. Edited By P.Kieffer-Puelz & J.U.Hartmann. Swisttal-Odendorf: Indica et Tibetica Verlag, 1997 (Indica et Tibetica 30), 758 pages, ISBN 3-923776-30-6, DM 128.

Reviewed By Peter Fluegel

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SSN:1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

The Eminent Monk: Buddhist Ideals in Medieval Chinese Hagiography. By John Kieschnick. Honolulu: University of Hawaii / Kuroda Institute (Studies in East Asian Buddhism 10), 1997, vii + 218 pages, ISBN 0-8248-1841-5, $27.00.

Reviewed by Eric Reinders

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Pali Buddhism (Curzon Studies in Asian Philosophy). Edited By Frank J. Hoffman and Deegalle Mahinda. Richmond, England: Curzon Press, 1996, 253 pages, ISBN 0-7007-0359-4, US $42.00.

Reviewed By Anne M. Blackburn

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

The Religious World of Kīrti Srī: Buddhism, Art, and Politics in Late Medieval Sri Lanka. By John Clifford Holt. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996, x + 147 pages, ISBN 0-19-510757-8, $26.95.

Reviewed by Mahinda Deegalle

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Engaged Buddhism: Buddhist Liberation Movements in Asia. Edited by Christopher S. Queen and Sallie B. King. New York: State University of New York, 1996, xii + 446 pages, ISBN 0-7914-2844-3, $24.95.

Reviewed by Mavis L. Fenn

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

The Authority of Experience: Essays on Buddhism and Psychology. Edited By John Pickering. London: Curzon Press, 1997, 250 pages, ISBN: 0700704558, clothbound ISBN: 0700704507, US $22.95, clothbound US $42.00.

Reviewed by Gay Watson

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Constructing Tibetan Culture: Contemporary Perspectives. Edited By Frank J. Korom. St-Hyacinthe (Quebec): World Heritage Press, 1997, 230 pages, ISBN 1-896064-12-4, US $19.95.

Reviewed By Toni Huber

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Buddhist Cosmology: Philosophy and Origins. By Akira Sadakata. Tokyo: Koosei Publishing Co., 1997, 224 pages, ISBN 4-333-01682-3, $12.95.

Reviewed by Rupert Gethin

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Psychotherapy and Buddhism: Toward an Integration. By Jeffrey B. Rubin. New York and London: Plenum Press, 1996, xi + 207 pages, ISBN:0-306-45441-6, US$39.50.

Reviewed by Harvey B. Aronson

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Healing Deconstruction: Postmodern Thought in Buddhism and Christianity. Edited by David Loy. American Academy of Religion, Reflection and Theory in the Study of Religion, no. 3. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1998, 120 pages, ISBN: 0-7885-0122-4, US $23.95.

On Deconstructing Life-Worlds: Buddhism, Christianity, Culture. By Robert Magliola. American Academy of Religion, Cultural Criticism, no. 3. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997. Pp. xxii + 202. ISBN: 0-7885-0296-4, US $19.95.

Reviewed by N. Robert Glass

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

The Accidental Buddhist: Mindfulness, Enlightenment, and Sitting Still. By Dinty W. Moore. Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 1997, 208 pages, ISBN 1565121422, US $19.95.

Reviewed By Richard Hughes Seager

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Graceful Exits: How Great Beings Die. Compiled and Edited By Sushila Blackman. New York: Weatherhill, 1997, 160 pages, ISBN 0-8348-0391-7, US $12.95.

Reviewed By Mavis L. Fenn

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Buddhism Through American Women’s Eyes. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion, 1995, 179 pages, ISBN 1-55939-047-6, US $12.95, UK £8.95.

Reviewed by Enid Adam

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Liberating Intimacy: Enlightenment and Social Virtuosity in Ch’an Buddhism. By Peter D. Hershock. Albany: SUNY Press, 1996, xv + 236 pages, ISBN 0-79142-982-2, $62.50 (cloth), $20.95 (paper).

Reviewed by Steven Heine

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ISSN 1076-9005
Volume 5 1998

Buddhism without Beliefs: A Contemporary Guide to Awakening. By Stephen Batchelor. New York: Riverhead Books, 1997, xii + 127 pages, ISBN 1-57322-058-2, US $21.95.

Reviewed By Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi

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